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<p>FYI</p>
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<a href="https://apolitical.co/solution_article/9-policies-reduce-violence-your-country-needs/?utm_source=hs_email&utm_medium=email&utm_content=69642216&_hsenc=p2ANqtz--6WPmUtBSatDxaVNrDLoPNZyJf4gDJcM866Lx8KjGSbh40dv2AJJ6FHISkBoZHNXPl5ho5wfOhf_mXmQkrjHpnZSzk6A&_hsmi=69642216" style="color: rgb(5, 99, 193); text-decoration: underline;">https://apolitical.co/solution_article/9-policies-reduce-violence-your-country-needs/?utm_source=hs_email&utm_medium=email&utm_content=69642216&_hsenc=p2ANqtz--6WPmUtBSatDxaVNrDLoPNZyJf4gDJcM866Lx8KjGSbh40dv2AJJ6FHISkBoZHNXPl5ho5wfOhf_mXmQkrjHpnZSzk6A&_hsmi=69642216</a></p>
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<span style="font-size:14.0pt">NINE POLICIES TO REDUCE VIOLENCE - GENDER</span></p>
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<b><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Lato; color:#231F20">Heavy repression doesn’t seem to work, but creative policy could drastically reduce violence.</span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Lato; color:#231F20"></span></p>
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<span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Lato; color:#231F20; letter-spacing:.4pt">2019 - Violent crimes might grab headlines, but less spectacular forms of violence pervade all human societies with devastating economic, social and human costs.
</span></p>
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<span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Lato; color:#231F20; letter-spacing:.4pt">But across the world, smart policy is short-circuiting violent norms and creating more peaceful cultures. Here are nine policies that have made a tangible dent in violence.</span></p>
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<b><span style="font-size:14.5pt; font-family:Lato; color:#231F20">1) Strengthen data systems</span></b></p>
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<span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Lato; color:#231F20; letter-spacing:.4pt">Some forms of violence tend to be well-recorded: murders, for example. But in many countries, the prevalence of sexual violence, intimate partner violence and violence in childhood
is largely unknown. </span></p>
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<span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Lato; color:#231F20; letter-spacing:.4pt">Even in the US, data on gun violence is wholly
<a href="https://apolitical.co/solution_article/us-spending-bill-could-transform-the-gun-debate-with-data/" style="color: rgb(5, 99, 193); text-decoration: underline;">
<span style="color:#19A9B7; text-decoration:none">inadequate</span></a> for understanding the problem, and police forces across the world are still
<a href="https://apolitical.co/solution_article/big-data-can-help-the-public-keep-an-eye-on-the-police/" style="color: rgb(5, 99, 193); text-decoration: underline;">
<span style="color:#19A9B7; text-decoration:none">failing to understand</span></a> how to use data without
<a href="https://apolitical.co/solution_article/data-driven-policing-can-breach-privacy-community-led-solutions-are-needed/" style="color: rgb(5, 99, 193); text-decoration: underline;">
<span style="color:#19A9B7; text-decoration:none">breaching citizens’ civil liberties</span></a>.
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<span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Lato; color:#231F20; letter-spacing:.4pt">Without a sense of the scale of the problem, governments have little reason to act — and without understanding violence fully, any efforts they do make are doomed to fail.
The first step in ending violence worldwide? Understanding it. </span></p>
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<b><span style="font-size:14.5pt; font-family:Lato; color:#231F20">2) Ban corporal punishment</span></b></p>
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<span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Lato; color:#231F20; letter-spacing:.4pt">Corporal punishment is a catch-all term for various forms of harsh and violent discipline.
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<span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Lato; color:#231F20; letter-spacing:.4pt">A mounting body of evidence suggests that such an approach, even in
<a href="https://apolitical.co/solution_article/mapped-where-is-hitting-children-legal/" style="color: rgb(5, 99, 193); text-decoration: underline;">
<span style="color:#19A9B7; text-decoration:none">“minor” forms</span></a>, makes people more likely to commit violence in later life.
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<span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Lato; color:#231F20; letter-spacing:.4pt">54 countries — among them Sweden, Kenya and Tunisia — have fully banned corporal punishment. Should your country be the next?</span></p>
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<b><span style="font-size:14.5pt; font-family:Lato; color:#231F20">3) Positive parenting</span></b></p>
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<span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Lato; color:#231F20; letter-spacing:.4pt">Parenting isn’t easy, but no relationship is more important for development in early childhood.
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<span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Lato; color:#231F20; letter-spacing:.4pt">Across the world, evidence is growing that parenting courses can help families immensely —
<a href="https://apolitical.co/solution_article/parenting-classes-cut-abuse-half-south-africa-can-manila-follow-suit/" style="color: rgb(5, 99, 193); text-decoration: underline;">
<span style="color:#19A9B7; text-decoration:none">reducing violence against children</span></a>, and even reducing violence
<a href="https://apolitical.co/solution_article/men-half-as-likely-to-assault-partners-after-parenting-course-study-finds/" style="color: rgb(5, 99, 193); text-decoration: underline;">
<span style="color:#19A9B7; text-decoration:none">between parents</span></a>. </span>
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<span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Lato; color:#231F20; letter-spacing:.4pt">Engaging men as caregivers is a vital tool in undoing some toxic forms of masculinity, and parenting programs are one vital way to start the process.</span></p>
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<b><span style="font-size:14.5pt; font-family:Lato; color:#231F20">4) Rewrite rape laws</span></b></p>
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<span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Lato; color:#231F20; letter-spacing:.4pt">Sweden recently became the 10th European country — others include the UK and Germany — to
<a href="https://apolitical.co/solution_article/swedens-rape-law-could-change-culture-more-than-the-conviction-rate/" style="color: rgb(5, 99, 193); text-decoration: underline;">
<span style="color:#19A9B7; text-decoration:none">rewrite its rape laws</span></a>.
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<span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Lato; color:#231F20; letter-spacing:.4pt">No longer does the country’s definition of rape rely on an outdated notion of violent coercion, but instead on the absence of consent.
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<span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Lato; color:#231F20; letter-spacing:.4pt">Activists hope it will improve conviction rates and change the way people talk about sex. </span></p>
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<b><span style="font-size:14.5pt; font-family:Lato; color:#231F20">5) Healing trauma</span></b></p>
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<span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Lato; color:#231F20; letter-spacing:.4pt">Violence causes trauma, but trauma can also cause violence.
</span></p>
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<span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Lato; color:#231F20; letter-spacing:.4pt">Trauma comes in many forms: from parental conflict to school shootings to the pain inflicted by forced displacement. Trauma, particularly in childhood, can cause a range of
mental health problems and negative life outcomes. </span></p>
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<span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Lato; color:#231F20; letter-spacing:.4pt">Addressing this damage — for example through
<a href="https://apolitical.co/solution_article/shooting-stops-us-schools-handle-mass-trauma/" style="color: rgb(5, 99, 193); text-decoration: underline;">
<span style="color:#19A9B7; text-decoration:none">trauma-focused cognitive behavioural therapy</span></a> — could help to break the cycle of violence.</span></p>
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<b><span style="font-size:14.5pt; font-family:Lato; color:#231F20">6) Fighting sexual violence</span></b></p>
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<span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Lato; color:#231F20; letter-spacing:.4pt">Even after decades of research, very few interventions are proven to reduce the rate at which men perpetrate sexual violence against women.
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<span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Lato; color:#231F20; letter-spacing:.4pt">One option, albeit controversial, is
<a href="https://apolitical.co/solution_article/want-to-end-sexual-violence-feminist-self-defence-is-the-only-proven-solution/" style="color: rgb(5, 99, 193); text-decoration: underline;">
<span style="color:#19A9B7; text-decoration:none">feminist self-defence training</span></a> — and some recent randomised controlled trials have demonstrated
<a href="https://apolitical.co/solution_article/kenyas-self-defence-classes-halting-rape-pandemic-tracks/" style="color: rgb(5, 99, 193); text-decoration: underline;">
<span style="color:#19A9B7; text-decoration:none">dramatic results</span></a>. </span>
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<span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Lato; color:#231F20; letter-spacing:.4pt">Advocates argue self-defence training should be embedded into school curricula.</span></p>
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<b><span style="font-size:14.5pt; font-family:Lato; color:#231F20">7) Prison reform</span></b></p>
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<span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Lato; color:#231F20; letter-spacing:.4pt">Too often, prison functions like a revolving door, welcoming ex-inmates back into the carceral system when their reintegration fails.
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<span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Lato; color:#231F20; letter-spacing:.4pt">In the UK, women’s prisons are adopting
<a href="https://apolitical.co/solution_article/prison-hurts-women-more-than-men-so-england-is-trying-a-new-approach/" style="color: rgb(5, 99, 193); text-decoration: underline;">
<span style="color:#19A9B7; text-decoration:none">trauma-informed approaches</span></a> that seek to address the underlying source of vulnerability and criminality. It’s an ambitious project that could soon be scaled to men’s prisons too.</span></p>
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<b><span style="font-size:14.5pt; font-family:Lato; color:#231F20">8) Policing with communities</span></b></p>
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<span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Lato; color:#231F20; letter-spacing:.4pt">Policing doesn’t have to be limited to iron-first interventions. Building trust between communities and their police has reaped immense benefits across the world: in Brazil,
<a href="https://apolitical.co/solution_article/brazil-is-battling-its-sky-high-murder-rate-with-a-police-community-alliance/" style="color: rgb(5, 99, 193); text-decoration: underline;">
<span style="color:#19A9B7; text-decoration:none">community-oriented policing</span></a> contributed to a dramatic crime drop.</span></p>
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<b><span style="font-size:14.5pt; font-family:Lato; color:#231F20">9) Designing out violence</span></b></p>
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<span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Lato; color:#231F20; letter-spacing:.4pt">Violence isn’t always an unpredictable phenomenon: diverse environmental factors can encourage or discourage violent behaviours.
</span></p>
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<span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Lato; color:#231F20; letter-spacing:.4pt">Across the world, cities are starting to understand the impact urban design can have on a range of behaviours — including violent crime.
</span></p>
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<span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Lato; color:#231F20; letter-spacing:.4pt">Greenery, better street lighting and fortifying vulnerable targets are just some of the ways cities are building
<a href="https://apolitical.co/solution_article/cities-are-getting-more-crowded-better-design-could-stop-violence/" style="color: rgb(5, 99, 193); text-decoration: underline;">
<span style="color:#19A9B7; text-decoration:none">crime-free environments</span></a>. </span></p>
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