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<p>FYI</p>
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<a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/what-are-womens-rights-3529028" style="color: rgb(5, 99, 193); text-decoration: underline;">https://www.thoughtco.com/what-are-womens-rights-3529028</a></p>
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Website Link Includes Video.</p>
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<b><span lang="EN" style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">The Fight for Women's Rights in the Past & Present
</span></b></p>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Understanding How the Treatment of Women Has Changed Over Time</span></p>
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<span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><img 0?="" width="653" height="435" id="Picture_x0020_1" alt="Balance Scale with man and woman" style="width: 6.802in; height: 4.5312in; user-select: none;" src="service.svc/s/GetFileAttachment?id=AAMkADA2ODU2ZDBkLWYzNWItNGFhOC04ZmVmLWE0OTJiMmYzZWM5OABGAAAAAABGBw2b0skdSLjxkXc4kboFBwBNFUSRsW3TRIo6RTo9vvdQAAAAAAEPAABNFUSRsW3TRIo6RTo9vvdQAAME6O8RAAABEgAQAGTblRuu30xOgR2Fg27qTjg%3D&X-OWA-CANARY=X7S2aew7hUaSgcEI0yYf_EBboWvWk9cIZyIVflDAMvoeCkk24NTaB5ivMa5yBLYslDfXZnYpJlo."></span><span lang="EN" style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"></span></p>
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<span style="font-family:"Georgia",serif; color:#282828; background:white">iStock Vectors / Getty Images</span><span lang="EN" style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"></span></p>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">By <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/jone-johnson-lewis-3524783" style="color: rgb(5, 99, 193); text-decoration: underline;">
<span style="color:blue">Jone Johnson Lewis</span></a> </span></p>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">July 14, 2019 - The meaning of "women's rights" has varied through time and across cultures. Today, there is still a lack of consensus about what constitutes women's rights. Some
would argue a woman's ability to control family size is a fundamental women's right. Others would argue women's rights fall under workplace equality or the chance to serve in the military in the same ways that men do. Many would argue that all of the above
should be deemed women's rights.</span></p>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">The term typically refers to whether women are treated as men's equals, but sometimes it specifically refers to special circumstances that affect women, such as job protection when
they take time off for maternity leave, though men in the U.S. are increasingly taking paternity leave. While men and women may both be victims of social ills and violence related to human trafficking and rape, protection against these crimes is often described
as beneficial to women's rights.</span></p>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">The implementation of various laws and policies over the years paints a historical picture of the benefits that were considered to be "women's rights" at one time. Societies in the
ancient, classical, and medieval worlds show how women's rights, even if not referred to by that term, differed from culture to culture.</span></p>
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<b><span lang="EN" style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">United Nations Convention on Rights of Women - CEDAW</span></b></p>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">The 1979 Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women, signed by many
<a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/the-united-nations-p2-1435441" style="color: rgb(5, 99, 193); text-decoration: underline;">
<span style="color:blue">United Nations</span></a> member states, asserts that women's rights belong to the "political, economic, social, cultural, civil" realms. According to the convention text, which became
<a href="https://www.ohchr.org/en/professionalinterest/pages/cedaw.aspx" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(5, 99, 193); text-decoration: underline;">
<span style="color:blue">an international legal treaty in 1981</span></a>:</span></p>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">"Any distinction, exclusion or restriction made on the basis of sex which has the effect or purpose of impairing or nullifying the recognition, enjoyment or exercise by women, irrespective
of their marital status, on a basis of equality of men and women, of human rights and fundamental freedoms in the political, economic, social, cultural, civil or any other field."</span></p>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">The declaration specifically addresses eliminating prejudice in public education, giving women full political rights to vote and run for public office, as well as marriage and divorce
rights that equal men's. The document also called for the elimination of <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/child-marrriage-facts-causes-consequences-2353030" style="color: rgb(5, 99, 193); text-decoration: underline;">
<span style="color:blue">child marriage</span></a> and sex trafficking while also mentioning equality for women in the criminal justice system and in the workplace.</span></p>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><br>
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<b><span lang="EN" style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">The NOW Statement of Purpose
</span></b></p>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">In 1966, the
<a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/profile-of-the-national-organization-for-women-3528999" style="color: rgb(5, 99, 193); text-decoration: underline;">
<span style="color:blue">National Organization for Women (NOW)</span></a> formed and wrote a statement of purpose that summarizes key women's rights issues of that time. The rights outlined were based on the idea of equality as an opportunity for women to "develop
their fullest human potentials" and to put women into the "mainstream of American political, economic and social life." The women's rights issues identified included those in these areas of employment and economics, education, family, political participation,
and racial justice.</span></p>
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<b><span lang="EN" style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">The 1855 Marriage Protest
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<span lang="EN" style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">In their
<a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/marriage-protest-lucy-stone-henry-blackwell-3529568" style="color: rgb(5, 99, 193); text-decoration: underline;">
<span style="color:blue">1855 marriage ceremony</span></a>, women's rights advocates
<a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/lucy-stone-biography-3530453" style="color: rgb(5, 99, 193); text-decoration: underline;">
<span style="color:blue">Lucy Stone</span></a> and Henry Blackwell refused to honor laws that interfered with the rights of married women in particular. They advocated for wives to be able to legally exist outside of a husband's control, to
<a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/property-rights-of-women-3529578" style="color: rgb(5, 99, 193); text-decoration: underline;">
<span style="color:blue">inherit and own real estate</span></a>, and have the right to their own wages. Stone and Blackwell also campaigned for wives to be able to choose their own names and place of residence and to sign contracts. They demanded that married
mothers be granted custody of their children and be able to sue in court as well.</span></p>
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<b><span lang="EN" style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Seneca Falls Women's Rights Convention
</span></b></p>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">In 1848, the first known
<a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/seneca-falls-womens-rights-convention-3530488" style="color: rgb(5, 99, 193); text-decoration: underline;">
<span style="color:blue">women's rights convention</span></a> in the world took place in Seneca Falls, New York. There, organizers of the convention declared that "men and women are created equal." As such, the feminists gathered demanded that women immediately
be given the rights and privileges due to them as U.S. citizens.</span></p>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">In their "<a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/seneca-falls-declaration-of-sentiments-3530487" style="color: rgb(5, 99, 193); text-decoration: underline;"><span style="color:blue">Declaration
of Sentiments</span></a>," the Seneca Falls participants insisted that women should be able to vote, have
<a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/1848-married-women-win-property-rights-3529577" style="color: rgb(5, 99, 193); text-decoration: underline;">
<span style="color:blue">property rights</span></a>, including the right to the income they earned, and to pursue higher education and a variety of professions, such as theology, medicine, and law.</span></p>
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<b><span lang="EN" style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Women's Rights in the 1700’s</span></b></p>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">In the 1700s, influential women also spoke out about women's rights from time to time.
<a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/abigail-adams-biography-3525085" style="color: rgb(5, 99, 193); text-decoration: underline;">
<span style="color:blue">Abigail Adams</span></a>, the wife of U.S. founding father and second President John Adams, asked her husband to "<a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/abigail-adams-quotes-3525379" style="color: rgb(5, 99, 193); text-decoration: underline;"><span style="color:blue">remember
the ladies</span></a>" in a letter in which she discussed disparities in women's and men's education.</span></p>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Hannah Moore,
<a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/mary-wollstonecraft-early-years-3530791" style="color: rgb(5, 99, 193); text-decoration: underline;">
<span style="color:blue">Mary Wollstonecraft</span></a>, and <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/judith-sargent-murray-3529443" style="color: rgb(5, 99, 193); text-decoration: underline;">
<span style="color:blue">Judith Sargent Murray</span></a> focused especially on women's right to an adequate education. They used their writing to advocate for women having influence over social, religious, moral, and political decisions. In "A Vindication
of the Rights of Woman" (1791–1792), Wollstonecraft called for women to be educated, have equality in marriage, and have control over family size.</span></p>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">In 1791 during the
<a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/beginners-guide-to-the-french-revolution-1221900" style="color: rgb(5, 99, 193); text-decoration: underline;">
<span style="color:blue">French Revolution</span></a>, <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/olympe-de-gouges-rights-of-woman-3529894" style="color: rgb(5, 99, 193); text-decoration: underline;">
<span style="color:blue">Olympe de Gouges</span></a> wrote and published the "Declaration of the Rights of Woman and of the Citizen." In this document, she called for women to have free speech, including the right to name the father of their children and equality
for out-of-wedlock children, a demand that suggested that women had the same right as men to have sexual relationships outside of marriage.</span></p>
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<b><span lang="EN" style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Treatment of Women in the Ancient World
</span></b></p>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">In the ancient, classical, and medieval world, women's rights differed somewhat from culture to culture. In some cases, women were essentially regarded as slaves or children under
the authority of their husbands or fathers. Women were largely confined to the home and lacked the right to come and go as they pleased. They also had been deprived of the right to choose or refuse marriage partners or end a marriage. Whether women could dress
as they liked was an issue during this time as well.</span></p>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">A number of these concerns and others continued to be problems for women in the centuries that followed. They included a lack of custodial rights over children, especially after a
divorce; the inability of women to own property, run businesses, and control their own wages, income, and wealth. Women in the ancient, classical, and medieval world also faced employment discrimination, barriers to education, a lack of voting rights, and
the inability to represent themselves in lawsuits and court actions.</span></p>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">In the centuries since, women have advocated for these rights and more, but the struggle for equality hasn't ended. Women still face employment discrimination and barriers to healthcare,
while single mothers are at great risk of falling into poverty.</span></p>
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