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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US">From:</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> WUNRN_LISTSERVE-owner@lists.wunrn.com [mailto:WUNRN_LISTSERVE-owner@lists.wunrn.com]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>WUNRN LISTSERVE<br>
<b>Sent:</b> 26 November 2017 09:36<br>
<b>To:</b> WUNRN ListServe <wunrn_listserve@lists.wunrn.com><br>
<b>Subject:</b> [WUNRN] Ending Violence Against Women: Facts & Figures<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">WUNRN<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.wunrn.com/">http://www.wunrn.com</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN" style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#595A5C"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.unwomen.org/en/what-we-do/ending-violence-against-women/facts-and-figures"><span lang="EN" style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">http://www.unwomen.org/en/what-we-do/ending-violence-against-women/facts-and-figures</span></a></span><span lang="EN" style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#595A5C"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><b><span lang="EN" style="font-size:16.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#595A5C">Facts & Figures: Ending Violence Against Women
<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><b><span lang="EN" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#595A5C">Various Forms of Violence<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color:#595A5C;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;mso-list:l3 level1 lfo1">
<span lang="EN" style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">It is estimated that 35 per cent of women worldwide have experienced either physical and/or sexual intimate partner violence or sexual violence by a non-partner at some point in their lives.
However, some national studies show that up to 70 per cent of women have experienced physical and/or sexual violence from an intimate partner in their lifetime [</span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.unwomen.org/en/what-we-do/ending-violence-against-women/facts-and-figures#notes"><span lang="EN" style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#595A5C;text-decoration:none">1</span></a></span><span lang="EN" style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">].<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="color:#595A5C;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;mso-list:l3 level1 lfo1">
<span lang="EN" style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">Women who have been physically or sexually abused by their partners are more than twice as likely to have an abortion, almost twice as likely to experience depression, and in some regions,
1.5 times more likely to acquire HIV, as compared to women who have not experienced partner violence [</span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.unwomen.org/en/what-we-do/ending-violence-against-women/facts-and-figures#notes"><span lang="EN" style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#595A5C;text-decoration:none">2</span></a></span><span lang="EN" style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">].<o:p></o:p></span></li></ul>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://interactive.unwomen.org/multimedia/infographic/violenceagainstwomen/en/index.html"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#595A5C;text-decoration:none"><img border="0" width="433" height="316" id="Picture_x0020_1" src="cid:image001.gif@01D36479.04843530" alt="Violence against women: Facts everyone should know"></span></a></span><span lang="EN" style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#595A5C"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color:#595A5C;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo2">
<span lang="EN" style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">Although little data is available—and great variation in how psychological violence is measured across countries and cultures—existing evidence shows high prevalence rates. Forty-three
per cent of women in the 28 European Union Member States have experienced some form of psychological violence by an intimate partner in their lifetime [</span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.unwomen.org/en/what-we-do/ending-violence-against-women/facts-and-figures#notes"><span lang="EN" style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#595A5C;text-decoration:none">3</span></a></span><span lang="EN" style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">].<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="color:#595A5C;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo2">
<span lang="EN" style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">It is estimated that of all women who were the victims of homicide globally in 2012, almost half were killed by intimate partners or family members, compared to less than six per cent of
men killed in the same year [</span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.unwomen.org/en/what-we-do/ending-violence-against-women/facts-and-figures#notes"><span lang="EN" style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#595A5C;text-decoration:none">4</span></a></span><span lang="EN" style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">].<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="color:#595A5C;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo2">
<span lang="EN" style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">More than 1 in 4 women in Washington DC, United States, have experienced some form of sexual harassment on public transportation, according to a survey conducted in 2016 [</span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.unwomen.org/en/what-we-do/ending-violence-against-women/facts-and-figures#notes"><span lang="EN" style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#595A5C;text-decoration:none">5</span></a></span><span lang="EN" style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">].<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="color:#595A5C;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo2">
<span lang="EN" style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">Worldwide, almost 750 million women and girls alive today were married before their 18<sup>th</sup> birthday. Child marriage is more common in West and Central Africa, where over 4 in 10
girls were married before age 18, and about 1 in 7 were married or in union before age 15. Child marriage often results in early pregnancy and social isolation, interrupts schooling, limits the girl’s opportunities and increases her risk of experiencing domestic
violence [</span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.unwomen.org/en/what-we-do/ending-violence-against-women/facts-and-figures#notes"><span lang="EN" style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#595A5C;text-decoration:none">6</span></a></span><span lang="EN" style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">].<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="color:#595A5C;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo2">
<span lang="EN" style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">Around 120 million girls worldwide (slightly more than 1 in 10) have experienced forced intercourse or other forced sexual acts at some point in their lives. By far the most common perpetrators
of sexual violence against girls are current or former husbands, partners or boyfriends [</span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.unwomen.org/en/what-we-do/ending-violence-against-women/facts-and-figures#notes"><span lang="EN" style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#595A5C;text-decoration:none">7</span></a></span><span lang="EN" style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">].<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="color:#595A5C;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo2">
<span lang="EN" style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">At least 200 million women and girls alive today have undergone female genital mutilation in the 30 countries with representative data on prevalence. In most of these countries, the majority
of girls were cut before age 5. [</span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.unwomen.org/en/what-we-do/ending-violence-against-women/facts-and-figures#notes"><span lang="EN" style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#595A5C;text-decoration:none">8</span></a></span><span lang="EN" style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">].<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="color:#595A5C;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo2">
<span lang="EN" style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">Adult women account for 51 per cent of all human trafficking victims detected globally. Women and girls together account for 71 per cent, with girls representing nearly three out of every
four child trafficking victims. Nearly three out of every four trafficked women and girls are trafficked for the purpose of sexual exploitation [</span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.unwomen.org/en/what-we-do/ending-violence-against-women/facts-and-figures#notes"><span lang="EN" style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#595A5C;text-decoration:none">9</span></a></span><span lang="EN" style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">].<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="color:#595A5C;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo2">
<span lang="EN" style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">One in 10 women in the European Union report having experienced cyber-harassment since the age of 15 (including having received unwanted, offensive sexually explicit emails or SMS messages,
or offensive, inappropriate advances on social networking sites). The risk is highest among young women between 18 and 29 years of age [</span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.unwomen.org/en/what-we-do/ending-violence-against-women/facts-and-figures#notes"><span lang="EN" style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#595A5C;text-decoration:none">10</span></a></span><span lang="EN" style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">].<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="color:#595A5C;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo2">
<span lang="EN" style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">An estimated 246 million girls and boys experience school-related violence every year and one in four girls say that they never feel comfortable using school latrines, according to a survey
on youth conducted across four regions. The extent and forms of school-related violence that girls and boys experience differ, but evidence suggests that girls are at greater risk of sexual violence, harassment and exploitation. In addition to the resulting
adverse psychological, sexual and reproductive health consequences, school-related gender-based violence is a major obstacle to universal schooling and the right to education for girls [</span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.unwomen.org/en/what-we-do/ending-violence-against-women/facts-and-figures#notes"><span lang="EN" style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#595A5C;text-decoration:none">11</span></a></span><span lang="EN" style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">].<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="color:#595A5C;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo2">
<span lang="EN" style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">Twenty-three per cent of female undergraduate university students reported having experienced sexual assault or sexual misconduct in a survey across 27 universities in the United States
in 2015. Rates of reporting to campus officials, law enforcement or others ranged from 5 to 28 per cent, depending on the specific type of behavior [</span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.unwomen.org/en/what-we-do/ending-violence-against-women/facts-and-figures#notes"><span lang="EN" style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#595A5C;text-decoration:none">12</span></a></span><span lang="EN" style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">].<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="color:#595A5C;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo2">
<span lang="EN" style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">Eighty-two per cent of women parliamentarians who participated in a study conducted by the Inter-parliamentary Union in 39 countries across 5 regions reported having experienced some form
of psychological violence while serving their terms. Psychological violence was defined as remarks, gestures and images of a sexist or humiliating sexual nature made against them or threats and/or mobbing to which they might have been subjected. They cited
social media as the main channel through which such psychological violence is perpetrated; nearly half of those surveyed (44 per cent) reported having received death, rape, assault or abduction threats towards them or their families [</span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.unwomen.org/en/what-we-do/ending-violence-against-women/facts-and-figures#notes"><span lang="EN" style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#595A5C;text-decoration:none">13</span></a></span><span lang="EN" style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">].<o:p></o:p></span></li></ul>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><b><span lang="EN" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#595A5C">Measures to Address Violence<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color:#595A5C;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo3">
<span lang="EN" style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">In the majority of countries with available data, less than 40 per cent of the women who experience violence seek help of any sort. Among women who do, most look to family and friends and
very few look to formal institutions and mechanisms, such as police and health services. Less than 10 per cent of those women seeking help for experience of violence sought help by appealing to the police [</span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.unwomen.org/en/what-we-do/ending-violence-against-women/facts-and-figures#notes"><span lang="EN" style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#595A5C;text-decoration:none">14</span></a></span><span lang="EN" style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">].<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="color:#595A5C;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo3">
<span lang="EN" style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">At least 140 countries have passed laws on domestic violence, and 144 have laws on sexual harassment. However, even when laws exist, this does not mean they are always compliant with international
standards and recommendations or implemented. Still, 37 countries exempt rape perpetrators from prosecution when they are married to or subsequently marry the victim [</span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.unwomen.org/en/what-we-do/ending-violence-against-women/facts-and-figures#notes"><span lang="EN" style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#595A5C;text-decoration:none">15</span></a></span><span lang="EN" style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">].<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="color:#595A5C;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo3">
<span lang="EN" style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">Availability of data on violence against women has increased significantly in recent years. Since 1995, more than 100 countries have conducted at least one survey addressing the issue.
More than 40 countries conducted at least two surveys in the period between 1995 and 2014, which means that, depending on the comparability of the surveys, changes over time could be analysed [</span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.unwomen.org/en/what-we-do/ending-violence-against-women/facts-and-figures#notes"><span lang="EN" style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#595A5C;text-decoration:none">16</span></a></span><span lang="EN" style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">].<o:p></o:p></span></li></ul>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><b><span lang="EN" style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#595A5C">Violence among vulnerable groups<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color:#595A5C;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo4">
<span lang="EN" style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">Evidence suggests that certain characteristics of women, such as sexual orientation, disability status or ethnicity, and some contextual factors, such as humanitarian crises, including
conflict and post-conflict situations, may increase women’s vulnerability to violence [</span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.unwomen.org/en/what-we-do/ending-violence-against-women/facts-and-figures#notes"><span lang="EN" style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#595A5C;text-decoration:none">17</span></a></span><span lang="EN" style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">].<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="color:#595A5C;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo4">
<span lang="EN" style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">In 2014, 23 per cent of non-heterosexual women (those who identified their sexual orientation as lesbian, bisexual or other) interviewed in the European Union indicated having experienced
physical and/or sexual violence by both male and female non-partner perpetrators, compared with five per cent of heterosexual women [</span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.unwomen.org/en/what-we-do/ending-violence-against-women/facts-and-figures#notes"><span lang="EN" style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#595A5C;text-decoration:none">18</span></a></span><span lang="EN" style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">].<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="color:#595A5C;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo4">
<span lang="EN" style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">In a survey of 3,706 primary schoolchildren from Uganda, 24 per cent of 11 to 14-year-old girls with disabilities reported sexual violence at school, compared to 12 per cent of non-disabled
girls [</span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.unwomen.org/en/what-we-do/ending-violence-against-women/facts-and-figures#notes"><span lang="EN" style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#595A5C;text-decoration:none">19</span></a></span><span lang="EN" style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">].<o:p></o:p></span></li></ul>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><b><span lang="EN" style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#595A5C">Notes<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN" style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#595A5C">[1] World Health Organization, Department of Reproductive Health and Research, London School
of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, South African Medical Research Council (2013). </span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/publications/violence/9789241564625/en/"><i><span lang="EN" style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#595A5C;text-decoration:none">Global
and regional estimates of violence against women: prevalence and health effects of intimate partner violence and non-partner sexual violence</span></i></a></span><span lang="EN" style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#595A5C">, p.2. For
individual country information, see </span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://unstats.un.org/unsd/gender/chapter6/chapter6.html"><i><span lang="EN" style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#595A5C;text-decoration:none">The World’s Women
2015, Trends and Statistics, Chapter 6, Violence against Women</span></i></a></span><i><span lang="EN" style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#595A5C">,</span></i><span lang="EN" style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#595A5C"> United
Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, 2015 and UN Women </span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://evaw-global-database.unwomen.org/en"><i><span lang="EN" style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#595A5C;text-decoration:none">Global
Database on Violence against Women</span></i></a></span><span lang="EN" style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#595A5C">.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN" style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#595A5C">[2] <i>Ibid</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN" style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#595A5C">[3] European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights (2014). </span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://fra.europa.eu/sites/default/files/fra-2014-vaw-survey-main-results-apr14_en.pdf"><i><span lang="EN" style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#595A5C;text-decoration:none">Violence
against women: an EU-wide survey</span></i></a></span><span lang="EN" style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#595A5C">, p. 71.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN" style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#595A5C">[4] United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (2014). </span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="https://www.unodc.org/documents/gsh/pdfs/2014_GLOBAL_HOMICIDE_BOOK_web.pdf"><i><span lang="EN" style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#595A5C;text-decoration:none">Global
Study on Homicide 2013</span></i></a></span><span lang="EN" style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#595A5C">, p. 14.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN" style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#595A5C">[5] Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority (2016).
</span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="https://www.scribd.com/doc/308226966/Sexual-Harassment-Report?irgwc=1&content=10079&campaign=Skimbit%25252C%252520Ltd.&ad_group=50913X1259512Xfb44d92c4e9ac5cf51117ec9ba6b56ee&keyword=ft750noi&source=impactradius&medium=affiliate"><i><span lang="EN" style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#595A5C;text-decoration:none">Understanding
Sexual Harassment on Public Transportation</span></i></a></span><span lang="EN" style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#595A5C">, in UN Women (2017),
</span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.unwomen.org/-/media/headquarters/attachments/sections/library/publications/2015/un-women-safecities-brief_us-web-(1).pdf?la=en&vs=953"><i><span lang="EN" style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#595A5C;text-decoration:none">Corporate
Brief Safe Cities and Safe Public Spaces</span></i></a></span><span lang="EN" style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#595A5C">.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN" style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#595A5C">[6] UNICEF (2017). </span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="https://data.unicef.org/resources/every-child-counted-status-data-children-sdgs/"><i><span lang="EN" style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#595A5C;text-decoration:none">Is
every child counted? Status of Data for Children in the SDGs</span></i></a></span><span lang="EN" style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#595A5C">,
<i>p. 54.</i><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN" style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#595A5C">[7] UNICEF (2014). </span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.unicef.org/publications/files/Hidden_in_plain_sight_statistical_analysis_Summary_EN_2_Sept_2014.pdf"><i><span lang="EN" style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#595A5C;text-decoration:none">Hidden
in Plain Sight: A Statistical Analysis of Violence against Children</span></i></a></span><span lang="EN" style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#595A5C">, p. 167.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN" style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#595A5C">[8] UNICEF (2016). </span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.unicef.org/media/files/FGMC_2016_brochure_final_UNICEF_SPREAD.pdf"><i><span lang="EN" style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#595A5C;text-decoration:none">Female
Genital Mutilation/Cutting: A global concern</span></i></a></span><i><span lang="EN" style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#595A5C">.</span></i><span lang="EN" style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#595A5C"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN" style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#595A5C">[9] UNODC (2016). </span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.unodc.org/documents/data-and-analysis/glotip/2016_Global_Report_on_Trafficking_in_Persons.pdf"><i><span lang="EN" style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#595A5C;text-decoration:none">Global
Report on Trafficking in Persons 2016</span></i></a></span><i><span lang="EN" style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#595A5C">, p. 7, 28</span></i><span lang="EN" style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#595A5C">.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN" style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#595A5C">[10] See European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights (2014). <i>Violence against women: an
EU-wide survey, </i>p. 104.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN" style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#595A5C">[11] Data taken from (i) Education for All Global Monitoring Report (EFA GMR), UNESCO, United
Nations Girls’ Education Initiative (UNGEI) (2015). </span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.ungei.org/resources/index_5968.html"><i><span lang="EN" style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#595A5C;text-decoration:none">School-related
gender-based violence is preventing the achievement of quality education for all, Policy Paper 17</span></i></a></span><span lang="EN" style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#595A5C">, and (ii) UNGEI (2014). </span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.ungei.org/resources/index_5903.html"><i><span lang="EN" style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#595A5C;text-decoration:none">End
School-related gender-based violence (SRGBVB) infographic</span></i><span lang="EN" style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#595A5C;text-decoration:none">.</span></a></span><span lang="EN" style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#595A5C"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN" style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#595A5C">[12] Cantor, D., Fisher, B., Chibnall, S., Townsend, R., Lee, H., Bruce, C., and Thomas, G.
(2015). </span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="https://www.aau.edu/key-issues/aau-climate-survey-sexual-assault-and-sexual-misconduct-2015"><i><span lang="EN" style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#595A5C;text-decoration:none">Report on the
AAU Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Assault and Sexual Misconduct</span></i></a></span><i><span lang="EN" style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#595A5C">,
</span></i><span lang="EN" style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#595A5C">p.13, 35.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN" style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#595A5C">[13] Inter-Parliamentary Union (2016).
</span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.ipu.org/pdf/publications/issuesbrief-e.pdf"><i><span lang="EN" style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#595A5C;text-decoration:none">Sexism, harassment and violence against women parliamentarians</span></i></a></span><span lang="EN" style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#595A5C">,
p. 3.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN" style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#595A5C">[14] United Nations Economic and Social Affairs (2015). </span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="https://unstats.un.org/unsd/gender/worldswomen.html"><i><span lang="EN" style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#595A5C;text-decoration:none">The
World’s Women 2015, Trends and Statistics</span></i></a></span><i><span lang="EN" style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#595A5C">, </span></i><span lang="EN" style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#595A5C">p. 159.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN" style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#595A5C">[15] <i>World Bank Group (2015)</i>. </span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://wbl.worldbank.org/"><span lang="EN" style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#595A5C;text-decoration:none">Women,
Business and the Law 2016</span></a></span><span lang="EN" style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#595A5C">, database.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN" style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#595A5C">[16] </span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://wbl.worldbank.org/"><i><span lang="EN" style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#595A5C;text-decoration:none">Ibid</span></i></a></span><span lang="EN" style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#595A5C">, p.
140.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN" style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#595A5C">[17] See European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights (2014). </span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://fra.europa.eu/en/publication/2014/violence-against-women-eu-wide-survey-main-results-report"><i><span lang="EN" style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#595A5C;text-decoration:none">Violence
against women: an EU-wide survey</span></i><span lang="EN" style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#595A5C;text-decoration:none">,</span></a></span><span lang="EN" style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#595A5C"> Annex
3, p. 184-188.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN" style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#595A5C">[18] </span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://fra.europa.eu/sites/default/files/fra-2014-vaw-survey-main-results-apr14_en.pdf"><i><span lang="EN" style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#595A5C;text-decoration:none">Ibid</span></i></a></span><span lang="EN" style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#595A5C">.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN" style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#595A5C">[19] Devries, K., Kyegome, N., Zuurmond, M., Parkes, J., Child, J., Walakira, E. and Naker,
D. (2014). </span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2458-14-1017"><i><span lang="EN" style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#595A5C;text-decoration:none">Violence against primary
school children with disabilities in Uganda: a cross-sectional study</span></i></a></span><span lang="EN" style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#595A5C">, p. 6<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN" style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#595A5C">Page last updated in August 2017.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN" style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#595A5C">___________________________<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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