[Pdf-women] Beijing+25: An Uphill Battle for the Women and Peace and Security, and Youth and Peace and Security Agendas

Mon Feb 3 15:56:47 MST 2020

Beijing+25: An Uphill Battle for the Women and Peace and Security and

Youth and Peace and Security Agendas

[https://files.constantcontact.com/93e00f4e001/e0718d77-2c40-4e99-b8c4-1843f7d4e70b.png]

January 27, 2020

Beijing+25: An Uphill Battle for the Women and Peace and Security, and

Youth and Peace and Security Agendas

Open Letter to the Representatives of the Core Group of the Generation Equality Global Forum: Permanent Mission of France; Permanent Mission of Mexico; UN Women Civil Society Division; and Civil Society Core Group Representatives

CC: The UN Secretary-General; UN Women Executive Director; UN Special Representative on Sexual Violence in Conflict; Security Council Informal Expert Group on Women and Peace and Security; Women and Peace and Security Focal Points Network; UN Inter Agency Standing Committee on Women and Peace and Security; UN Women Peace and Security Section; United Nations Population Fund; UN Development Program; the UN Secretary General Envoy on Youth; the Group of Friends on Women and Peace and Security; and the Global Coalition on Youth, Peace, and Security

Dear Core Group Members of the Generation Equality Global Forum,

We are grassroots women and youth peacebuilders, national, regional and global women’s rights and feminist organizations, and civil society networks from around the world who are working towards the full and effective implementation of the Women and Peace and Security, and Youth and Peace and Security agendas. Together we formed ourselves as the Beijing+25 Women and Peace and Security – Youth and Peace and Security (Beijing+25 WPS-YPS) Action Coalition to ensure the integration of the WPS and YPS agendas in the Beijing +25 Generation Equality Global Forum processes and outcome documents.

Moreover, the Beijing+25 WPS-YPS Action Coalition is committed to increasing the awareness of civil society organizations, in particular grassroots organizations working in conflict-affected countries and territories, about the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action and the various processes related to its 25th anniversary. This is critical to ensuring that civil society’s key messages are reflected in all discussions on Beijing +25, including the Generation Equality Global Forum and their outcome documents. The Beijing+25 WPS-YPS Action Coalition supports strong participation and co-leadership of women and young women from local communities affected by conflicts in the Beijing+25 processes.

2020 is a pivotal year for gender equality. The 25th anniversary of the Beijing Conference, the 20th anniversary of UN Security Council Resolution (UNSCR) 1325, and the 5th anniversary of UN Security Council Resolution (UNSCR) 2250, are catalytic moments to move both the Women and Peace and Security and Youth and Peace and Security agendas forward. Therefore, we express deep concern over the lack of representation of grassroots women and youth peacebuilders and the marginalization of the WPS and YPS agendas in the Beijing+25 regional and global processes. We are alarmed about the lack of broad consultation with civil society in the development of the official Action Coalitions and cross-cutting levers of the Generation Equality Global Forum. We are seriously concerned that there is no official Action Coalition dedicated to peace and security even though evidence-based data shows armed conflict is inextricably linked to gender inequality.[1]<http://r20.rs6.net/tn.jsp?f=001UYNjVMh3hVTZ8-28FQx2hVihHevx5TCL7x97L-w5AVNgnbiSYcE_6SL9GWnbeUJHjpuwWO3YfGZ5gtQuCNXqRnNoI913-y5CWxnCqZ3jWdGblsf5Wjsukm6OaQho90C5wXOi85cAR-mZE2Max2TfErXsKbBQi5pMmBBQ5CzwVooVLBkZf03ZNo72P7hKpngeq8fcy8Q-kricRzkVwkosNqdOfSi2QSvQBnrZjlTvz1AO2y4RCGJnW7YxxMzYcEtenqzQ6KXBY_3M2aPCeZboKkJ_PUJZHAM8SnaDW0FkNrgsGmBmo8A_gA==&c=HJjYJy-iOHKPf2TNi_-YMu_C9_h4ymBhWvdVVaFEhvvaHJuAgfd5jg==&ch=DoQPHSSWYEiEmiiYllDtLPTLHivtjY8dVb4AMz7uncSDtTs5wrtvBg==> The Secretary-General has identified the lack of peace and security as one of greatest threats to 21st century progress, and one of four priority focus areas for 2020.[2]<http://r20.rs6.net/tn.jsp?f=001UYNjVMh3hVTZ8-28FQx2hVihHevx5TCL7x97L-w5AVNgnbiSYcE_6SL9GWnbeUJHtgVVbPUovVGbXjjSfO7JoRGlF8a3gdRiNCX2AgyjE-5zgzQWXDupR2-Ye-m5FgQsArJ3uN-4G9cOgcGihq_ylEBykxqA8YIet17sFs3SQVZfUQZkEhGPnak2VWqwJlMOl_LlRYTOVo0-KU0RTtbzx_0bTim3m7y_jxtfQ79PKwu9TBSjVTZ6ocDIJHB5IDmk6glx6KInzld_lPKJRNHJI5IWTEBCoZPTGCHKBMUmSuuQ53VquPDkxg==&c=HJjYJy-iOHKPf2TNi_-YMu_C9_h4ymBhWvdVVaFEhvvaHJuAgfd5jg==&ch=DoQPHSSWYEiEmiiYllDtLPTLHivtjY8dVb4AMz7uncSDtTs5wrtvBg==>

We, the undersigned organizations, offer our expertise, resources, and broad outreach in order for a WPS and YPS Action Coalition to be officially recognized. We present the following arguments on why there should be an official WPS and YPS Action Coalition:

1.  Many grassroots women’s rights and youth organizations have found it impossible to participate in Beijing+25 processes due to lack of information, awareness, funding, capacity, access to internet, and language restrictions. For example, despite awareness of the limited number of women peacebuilders at the High-level Meeting on Progress in the Implementation of the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action in West Asia and despite expressed interest from women peacebuilders to participate, the organizers of the High-level meeting were unable to provide support in order for the women to contribute to this important discussion.

2. The marginalization and limited participation of women and youth peacebuilders has resulted in weak language on the WPS and YPS agendas in regional outcome documents. For example, the Arab Declaration on Progress in the implementation of the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action fails to highlight the importance of the meaningful participation of women and girls in all aspects of conflict prevention, relief and recovery, and peacebuilding. Similarly, the reports from the regional intergovernmental consultations in Africa[3]<http://r20.rs6.net/tn.jsp?f=001UYNjVMh3hVTZ8-28FQx2hVihHevx5TCL7x97L-w5AVNgnbiSYcE_6SL9GWnbeUJH5FkExSWJDpksRnv1cyvr5I2ZHsdLpxy-b27Jkp-IHLEPaVl2ooe0UivObMXi132fHiVOzhD5nxqMeaH5xL0cO-RaPs2hWmITCZXq-S0apYHe9vXpInrEc2L9LuznX1j5DXuh6hXFaoyFI_RNkUvlAzJhiI0MWjaxQOVATUro9o4ded_Qqcj9-Ld8WXpbqiwpE3dLgdxa6wSnMzx6wnVz_uCW_za5unCQCARFbm3qxpAtNoh7UZxQdg==&c=HJjYJy-iOHKPf2TNi_-YMu_C9_h4ymBhWvdVVaFEhvvaHJuAgfd5jg==&ch=DoQPHSSWYEiEmiiYllDtLPTLHivtjY8dVb4AMz7uncSDtTs5wrtvBg==> and Asia and the Pacific[4]<http://r20.rs6.net/tn.jsp?f=001UYNjVMh3hVTZ8-28FQx2hVihHevx5TCL7x97L-w5AVNgnbiSYcE_6SL9GWnbeUJHQbEMW_LMn6ska9TLm2BcRaAGpUI1OYZZKhUhmzOTlrH4rma0G_C86-Jvq0inBBaoMnTKX2JqMV70wHp2WfCmJd0cA-W3Al3D-QaapNm8ptT6mjI0acp2Rd6SyEHjiL2nZ85qLRXGAUF0zI7ljgyCkmXU4JwSb470rhlxKnIRtKKfDTcRcVRmtM-2e6XuemNaOAhvUCNOTYBJYDwuq2rGb-hlTcd9FudCCgxm7HSPRRG4nyVudsxUXg==&c=HJjYJy-iOHKPf2TNi_-YMu_C9_h4ymBhWvdVVaFEhvvaHJuAgfd5jg==&ch=DoQPHSSWYEiEmiiYllDtLPTLHivtjY8dVb4AMz7uncSDtTs5wrtvBg==> lack specific recommendations on the effective implementation of the YPS agenda, particularly the involvement of young women and LGBTQIA+ youth in peace processes and political decision-making.

3. The official Action Coalitions and cross-cutting levers identified by UN Women—the key outcomes of the Generation Equality Global Forum—do not include a specific constituency working on WPS and YPS. The criteria for the official Action Coalitions developed by UN Women includes an assessment of the nature of the need to address the theme (whether the theme has proven deeply entrenched and persistent over the last 25 years) and the universality of the scope of the theme on women and girls around the world. It is undeniable that the issues at the intersection of the WPS and YPS agendas are urgent, persistent, prevalent and universal.

Twenty-five years after the adoption of the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action, armed conflict continues to be a major obstacle to the fulfilment of women’s rights and gender equality. In 2016, more countries experienced violent conflict than at any time in nearly 30 years. The risk of nuclear conflict is growing as key treaties on nuclear disarmament are increasingly under threat, and nuclear competition among countries is intensifying.[5]<http://r20.rs6.net/tn.jsp?f=001UYNjVMh3hVTZ8-28FQx2hVihHevx5TCL7x97L-w5AVNgnbiSYcE_6SL9GWnbeUJH1bh9dIz4yQuxA84YwsbBCtPGHsGnr5dUcZXZpYSWa9MC937_8E6fe-B8cdss_WQy946NkmDp-guWq8Pz9-Aj7NVGMeHHLnqbkXc-DzWFCPrZkaxKcIRD7i7DehT_6BFh54F0lwLDpOZYY3gtaCs_BMoaR9wW77v5ePLT00vIBkzqwqsx9O7sleVpVl2dsof4p33G_OM3O-S72fzAlI5PgfdUP3E0tQcjZSysgalbYSoeYIMfqADAKw==&c=HJjYJy-iOHKPf2TNi_-YMu_C9_h4ymBhWvdVVaFEhvvaHJuAgfd5jg==&ch=DoQPHSSWYEiEmiiYllDtLPTLHivtjY8dVb4AMz7uncSDtTs5wrtvBg==> It has been established that the gendered impact of conflict increases the levels of sexual and gender-based violence, marginalization, and discrimination in varied forms experienced by girls, young women, LGBTQIA+ persons, and women. In addition, research shows that a state’s level of gender equality can serve as a predictor of armed conflict, whether measuring conflict between states or within states.[6]<http://r20.rs6.net/tn.jsp?f=001UYNjVMh3hVTZ8-28FQx2hVihHevx5TCL7x97L-w5AVNgnbiSYcE_6SL9GWnbeUJH0YdwdCUvHKI6ZPmQuAVos277GZMxLVbLhSvNWPIWHPq4txigwAHSmYNQzhll56jSkI3776-i1EzMWt9p6SPGfppUtPSoDtO8V0VwC-vCtBlEso7Py0oH4G6R3v47LiG5DXH-71-cCK3D7Fuf0FZlTNTQDUeOsjC6Af_UZnIg3TlM1vqBbTZ2mJ1UfYLxzmuxJxGuWiZ_ZzwzKslwsxAvsCptVhfyEZ30yfrY0eNi5TRRSnd6AlAMXQ==&c=HJjYJy-iOHKPf2TNi_-YMu_C9_h4ymBhWvdVVaFEhvvaHJuAgfd5jg==&ch=DoQPHSSWYEiEmiiYllDtLPTLHivtjY8dVb4AMz7uncSDtTs5wrtvBg==> Therefore, conflict prevention, sustainable peace, gender equality, and women’s empowerment are inextricably linked. Moreover, Women and Armed Conflict is enshrined as one of the critical areas of concern in the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action[7]<http://r20.rs6.net/tn.jsp?f=001UYNjVMh3hVTZ8-28FQx2hVihHevx5TCL7x97L-w5AVNgnbiSYcE_6SL9GWnbeUJHUdY2hke6uZm0P-2tjUKEVgYNek8yVpCntIAqh8Xd7UojoiosTscWKHRZ7dy8udk3OyYD35HEEUDBnhiO8NdwshYRLmy7APm2KStQmdAybkmfULak8vW9nesf0jRkNvPQq8ud9HiOQFOdNjFBQPKAMzmvSXCSHkn4cmNR3NiBjPE3anj6b57847wtnSyohpjtQAeRIlQSR-4m-C3djfw14qku43xUqm3RiJgcpKlQ42kq_n6mbuMmQQ==&c=HJjYJy-iOHKPf2TNi_-YMu_C9_h4ymBhWvdVVaFEhvvaHJuAgfd5jg==&ch=DoQPHSSWYEiEmiiYllDtLPTLHivtjY8dVb4AMz7uncSDtTs5wrtvBg==>.

The announcement of the official list of Action Coalitions states that “the context of conflict could be incorporated within the theme on Gender-Based Violence.”[8]<http://r20.rs6.net/tn.jsp?f=001UYNjVMh3hVTZ8-28FQx2hVihHevx5TCL7x97L-w5AVNgnbiSYcE_6SL9GWnbeUJHUy9iQozvY0rjJTHm5cPw8xP6KZJm-tF-v492_IIG8ktS-giCFtQNt1SkCQ2tEQdnJdfnRCHaH38C_3dihkcL1aK5yHNYCUNaHhG86dUnXox37-R6SCTIx1mXen79osWBzHuItdPPxJmOQ5nelGAvsFYFTqEbDn04m6wckgLkK0i9xjIYs9iDuW60wc1eFATS1bHvn6JP1PcA6HVXQKLuaf5A6rgtZRF-BpndLiWNlS-MgSRPt7Wv8A==&c=HJjYJy-iOHKPf2TNi_-YMu_C9_h4ymBhWvdVVaFEhvvaHJuAgfd5jg==&ch=DoQPHSSWYEiEmiiYllDtLPTLHivtjY8dVb4AMz7uncSDtTs5wrtvBg==> We believe that discussing peace and security only through the framework of gender-based violence will not reflect the depth and breadth of issues covered by the WPS and YPS agendas, including women and youth’s meaningful participation in peace processes and political decision-making; conflict prevention and disarmament; and prevention of violent extremism. In addition, with a limited number of two to three specific actions per official Action Coalition that will be resourced, committed to, implemented, and monitored, it is likely that WPS and YPS priorities and challenges will be overlooked. The Generation Equality Global Forum cannot lead into the full realization of the gender equality agenda if peace and security issues are not accurately reflected; and women and youth peacebuilders are not able to meaningfully participate and influence how the Beijing+25 processes and outcomes are shaped.

We call on you as the Core Group Members of the Generation Equality Global Forum to designate Women and Peace and Security and Youth and Peace and Security as one of the official Action Coalitions. We stand ready to work with all stakeholders to create channels for the effective participation of women and youth peacebuilders in Beijing+25 processes.

We also call on Member States, UN officials, UN entities, institutions, and organizations copied in this open letter, fellow civil society actors, and everyone who supports the full and effective implementation of the Women and Peace and Security and Youth and Peace and Security agendas to join us in this call.

We cannot allow the Women and Peace and Security and Youth and Peace and Security agendas to be marginalized. We cannot allow women and youth peacebuilders and gender equality activists in conflict-affected communities to be invisible.

The Beijing+25 Women and Peace and Security – Youth and Peace, and Security Action Coalition

1. Arab Renaissance for Democracy and Development (ARDD) - Jordan

2. Al Amal/Iraqi Women's Network - Iraq

3. Amassuru - Latin America and the Caribbean

4. Asia-Pacific Human Rights Information Center - Asia and the Pacific

5. Asia-Pacific Women’s Alliance for Peace and Security - Asia and the Pacific

6. Asian Youth Peace Network - Asia and the Pacific

7. Associa-Med - Tunisia

8. Afghan Women Welfare and Development Association (AWWDA) - Afghanistan

9. 1325 Action Group - Nepal

10. Asian-Pacific Resource and Research Centre for Women (ARROW) - Asia and the Pacific

11. Azerbaijan National Committee of Helsinki Citizens’ Assembly - Azerbaijan

12. Burundian Women for Peace and Development (BWPD) - Netherlands

13. Benimpuhwe Organisation - Rwanda

14. Balay Mindanaw - Philippines

15. BrightPoint - Afghanistan

16. Better World NGO - Iraq

17. Canadian Council of Young Feminists (CCYF) - Canada

18. Centre de Développement Communautaire - Democratic Republic of Congo

19. Collectif des Associations et ONG Féminines du Burundi (CAFOB) - Burundi

20. Centre Bamamu Tabulukayi - Democratic Republic of Congo

21. Canadian Voice of Women for Peace - Canada

22. Cordaid - Netherlands/Global

23. Center for Civil Society and Democracy CCSD - Syria

24. CEIPAZ-Fundación Cultura de Paz - Spain

25. Coalition for Action 1325 (CoAct 1325) - Uganda

26. Corporación de Investigación y Acción Social y Económica (CIASE) - Colombia

27. Center for Peace Education (Miriam College) - Philippines

28. Cadre Permanent de Concertation de la Femme Congolaise (CAFCO) - Democratic Republic of Congo

29. Democracy Today - Armenia

30. Democracy Development Center - Ukraine

31. Eve Organization on Women Development - South Sudan and Uganda

32. Escola de Cultura de Pau, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona - Spain

33. Femmes Juristes pour les droits de la femme et de l'enfant - Democratic Republic of Congo

34. Foreign Policy Association (APE) - Moldova

35. Fontaine ISOKO - Burundi

36. Gender Action for Peace and Security (GAPS) - UK - UK

37. Global Network of Women Peacebuilders (GNWP) - Global

38. Green Hope Foundation - Canada

39. Gender Centru - Moldova

40. Global Partnership for the Prevention of Armed Conflict (GPPAC) - Global

41. Institute for International Women's Rights-Manitoba - Canada

42. IDP Women’s Association Consent - Georgia

43. I am She Network - Syria

44. International Center for Religion and Diplomacy - Global

45. Jago Nari Unnayon Sangstha - Bangladesh

46. Luwero Women Development Association - Uganda

47. Middle East and North Africa Partnership for Preventing Armed Conflict (MENAPPAC) - MENA region

48. Messengers of Peace Liberia - Liberia

49. National Network for Beijing Review - Nepal

50. National Organization of Women - Sierra Leone

51. Naripokkho - Bangladesh

52. Nile Basin Discourse Forum - Rwanda

53. Nobel Women’s Initiative - Global

54. NGO Working Group on Women and Youth in the Great Lakes Region - Great Lakes Region Africa

55. Our Generation for Inclusive Peace - Global

56. Operation 1325 (Sweden) - Sweden

57. Permanent Peace Movement (PPM) - Lebanon

58. Rwanda Climate Change and Development Network (RCCDN) - Rwanda

59. Rural Women Peace Link - Kenya

60. Red Nacional de Mujeres - Colombia

61. Rwanda Women Network - Rwanda

62. Saathi - Nepal

63. Synergie des Associations Feminines du Congo (Synergy of Congolese Women’s Associations/ SAFECO) - Democratic Republic of Congo

64. Synergie des Femmes pour les Victimes des Violences (SFVS) - Democratic Republic of Congo

65. Teso Women Peace Activists - Uganda

66. Together We Build It - Libya

67. Think Peace - Mali

68. United Network of Young Peacebuilders (UNOY) - Global

69. Unity for the Future - Ukraine

70. UN Major Group on Youth and Children - Global

71. West African Network for Peacebuilding (WANEP)- Nigeria - Nigeria

72. Women, Peace, and Security Network - Canada - Canada

73. WO=MEN Dutch Gender Platform - The Netherlands

74. "Women in Public Service" Center - Albania

75. Women's Information Center - Georgia

76. Women Problem Research Union (WPRU) - Azerbaijan

77. Women’s Association for Rational Development (WARD) - Azerbaijan

78. Women's NGO Secretariat of Liberia (WONGOSOL) - Liberia

79. Women for A Change - Cameroon

80. Women's Empowerment Organization - Iraq

81. Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom – DRC Section - Democratic Republic of Congo

82. Wi'am Center - Palestine

83. Women's International Peace Center - Uganda

84. Women's Resource Center - Armenia

85. Young Peacemakers in Azerbaijan - Azerbaijan

86. Young Women for Peace and Leadership - Bangladesh

87. Young Women for Peace and Leadership - Democratic Republic of Congo

88. Young Women for Peace and Leadership - Indonesia

89. Young Women+ for Peace and Leadership - Philippines

90. Young Women for Peace and Leadership - South Sudan

91. Youth for Change and Development Organization - Afghanistan

92. Zhiva Ya - Ukraine

Additional Endorsements

1. Afghan Women News Agency Organization - Afghanistan

2. Association for Behaviour and Knowledge Transformation (ABKT) - Pakistan

3. Association of War Affected Women (AWAW) - Sri Lanka

4. Cora Weiss, International Peace Bureau (IBP) UN Representative Individual, Global

5. Ambassador Anwarul K. Chowdhury, Former Under-Secretary-General and High Representative of the UN, Initiator of the conceptual breakthrough for UNSCR 1325 as the Security Council President in March 2000, Founder of the Global Movement for The Culture of Peace (GMCoP) - Individual, Bangladesh

6. Asia - Pacific Women's Alliance for Peace and Security (APWAPS) - Asia and the Pacific

7. Dale T. Snauwaert, Ph.D.

Professor of Social and Philosophical Foundations of Education and Peace Studies

Individual, USA

8. Global Campaign for Peace Education - Global

9. International Institute on Peace Education - Global

10. Janet Gerson, Education Director, IIPE - USA

11. Nonviolent Peaceforce - Global

12. Betty Reardon, Scholar, Author, and Founder of the Peace Education Center and Peace Education Graduate Development Program at Teachers College, Columbia University - Individual, USA

13. Oxfam International - Global

14. Socorro Reyes, Regional Gender and Governance Adviser, Center for Legislative Development - Manila, Philippines

15. Women & Children Legal Research Foundation - Afghanistan

16. Women’s Regional Network - South Asia

17. Women’s Refugee Commission – Global

18. WUNRN – Women’s UN Report Network

Please contact Mavic Cabrera-Balleza mavic at gnwp.org<mailto:mavic at gnwp.org> and Mallika Iyer mallika at gnwp.org<mailto:mallika at gnwp.org> for further information.

[1]<http://r20.rs6.net/tn.jsp?f=001UYNjVMh3hVTZ8-28FQx2hVihHevx5TCL7x97L-w5AVNgnbiSYcE_6SL9GWnbeUJHKAQe7JU3D1I9JTxFWfPxtdZsd55G8SHYeODKU7zsbav4NEWnyvif9wuI3iPKT-6NS6D__2xbFOD6EsyZ6CD-SasVGUOQDbFAi7E7IYWWTQF2KboSNSo7RNlM-WhyNvhW8q0tXSVW5MyIv_lLXR9fpmmmOx6o1y0r-83tFTu--nmEHnFt6qg9zJipvfmI6sCRsyrEjsetLZR6_3G4WIYfmOG22MqSpbyV5ZYQ14C6t2ssH3Npj5roHQ==&c=HJjYJy-iOHKPf2TNi_-YMu_C9_h4ymBhWvdVVaFEhvvaHJuAgfd5jg==&ch=DoQPHSSWYEiEmiiYllDtLPTLHivtjY8dVb4AMz7uncSDtTs5wrtvBg==> Buvinic, M., Das Gupta, M. Casabonne, U, and Verwimp. Violent Conflict and Gender Inequality: An Overview. Households in Conflict Network. The Institute of Development Studies at the University of Sussex. 2012. See also Focus: Women, Gender and Armed Conflict in Austrian Development Cooperation. 2009.

[2]<http://r20.rs6.net/tn.jsp?f=001UYNjVMh3hVTZ8-28FQx2hVihHevx5TCL7x97L-w5AVNgnbiSYcE_6SL9GWnbeUJHuMvLUAaDHWOaAiRcu4aKY0G0ynVnAPPVupGcYphPARsIIxNKGRdB1vI47GVM43QWFlZM7-CeUI2rU5Nnt52iEY7NTDeaKw5BdyYPS_wuE65uxP1gUx8wodJUd9RXjB8ahb9ewJO_XUDVG88CftfBWOFpepjbWt0RE3xDGFQTBr1ZMRTjfzfypzDlg2mDxrFLP_xPwEM7HkHL6QNcvbVch1uPssj6G7ZjhPqEW0DmnhGT2NMPjyOQ-g==&c=HJjYJy-iOHKPf2TNi_-YMu_C9_h4ymBhWvdVVaFEhvvaHJuAgfd5jg==&ch=DoQPHSSWYEiEmiiYllDtLPTLHivtjY8dVb4AMz7uncSDtTs5wrtvBg==> Secretary-General's remarks to the General Assembly on his priorities for 2020, https://www.un.org/sg/en/content/sg/statement/2020-01-22/secretary-generals-remarks-the-general-assembly-his-priorities-for-2020-bilingual-delivered-scroll-down-for-all-english-version<http://r20.rs6.net/tn.jsp?f=001UYNjVMh3hVTZ8-28FQx2hVihHevx5TCL7x97L-w5AVNgnbiSYcE_6SL9GWnbeUJHtPAGakyu6w2HXvRhW85qcJSsVKWlLyym-Efoxn_XDZNKu7_EqbTIPWwep9-ii6MucBgVQfmIw8FT8A6u0LvoYnhA-vzcE9x78MRqaXv9tCIlKCAZFGjFUuWO1YGBibma86jmnf4W-rLgkzdGfoWr27k4bySuPa7G_1ORt_OonPM5sC8LAEVVhl0UuPRrTAddtEU9Aq2V1kp3TZPM2db6i9Jis1QksWe7p3h72c1vmGqzOcdP5E5sqr5aiEI2P0fdPq6BB-DraUV3N-6DJ0vh1qrsfd7kbF-qClGs5YB6KHA1bOL0j4uvzQ==&c=HJjYJy-iOHKPf2TNi_-YMu_C9_h4ymBhWvdVVaFEhvvaHJuAgfd5jg==&ch=DoQPHSSWYEiEmiiYllDtLPTLHivtjY8dVb4AMz7uncSDtTs5wrtvBg==>

[3]<http://r20.rs6.net/tn.jsp?f=001UYNjVMh3hVTZ8-28FQx2hVihHevx5TCL7x97L-w5AVNgnbiSYcE_6SL9GWnbeUJHMspMd___oTElNPNlpmrHDdEafIAu69IqDEk4TWwP90gcYYiecbn4tOBxu0_XcJKomKuJsZlyrnH8WObd1ddzTKVs9M54vGrrYuW7LNlN_FJhC8sae8hLL7_5808shBCz1l2lNBv_HRrvI3MEKSVGQ4NIlNww8Hw71aMVdXSlp9sfiJzuZONFSjYiPDZMStKfgpMDgN7EXKMO7GUINmWyirgdS3d5JvsN3KX-aLBkq6JCtqDEG7NcPA==&c=HJjYJy-iOHKPf2TNi_-YMu_C9_h4ymBhWvdVVaFEhvvaHJuAgfd5jg==&ch=DoQPHSSWYEiEmiiYllDtLPTLHivtjY8dVb4AMz7uncSDtTs5wrtvBg==> https://www.uneca.org/sites/default/files/uploaded-documents/Beijing25/e1902218-beijing25_declaration-english-.pdf<http://r20.rs6.net/tn.jsp?f=001UYNjVMh3hVTZ8-28FQx2hVihHevx5TCL7x97L-w5AVNgnbiSYcE_6SL9GWnbeUJHrZYE9lSkwIMn8rpbwIQM-hOC65HUEwYxd_altsglp-vo8wdAIcvu3LF79lDHu8n9m7SAEqbaLeEadgP_eDndzfm-WWmH76DeWQNuXvVhoKQt2Il-9B9d4i3hXpOC4z3wXygO44lhdoq1BM02mphY2TWUkgFpbUvznejrdrkCWV6ufhJRwo3ylZmWCelgfdbr5ZpsRvbz8j-K6N10RID5_w==&c=HJjYJy-iOHKPf2TNi_-YMu_C9_h4ymBhWvdVVaFEhvvaHJuAgfd5jg==&ch=DoQPHSSWYEiEmiiYllDtLPTLHivtjY8dVb4AMz7uncSDtTs5wrtvBg==>, accessed 01-22-2020

[4]<http://r20.rs6.net/tn.jsp?f=001UYNjVMh3hVTZ8-28FQx2hVihHevx5TCL7x97L-w5AVNgnbiSYcE_6SL9GWnbeUJHe2MoLfgFQzupzqNzlxahhAq3qXhPeDmpg3k_gPLpg0VlR-Rm--XUpKdRWp0KBfL-cw2q5_xC3xWCE0PtfEmn269kxs8ljkjiPvpCOHaRwNDEa8gqqgj6haxckFKghArGq-5KG-G5uY-JqIAKnwrhRWWOs9UpTQIe05TBfH6cXuFNv37fDIJt6BjZ6TUsEJOeSNDVUmoUVPkSR_q8mimbLQMSmt5W98SZQ-D0C5utlifRcgt7ny4o9w==&c=HJjYJy-iOHKPf2TNi_-YMu_C9_h4ymBhWvdVVaFEhvvaHJuAgfd5jg==&ch=DoQPHSSWYEiEmiiYllDtLPTLHivtjY8dVb4AMz7uncSDtTs5wrtvBg==> https://www.unescap.org/sites/default/files/Beijing%2B25_Declaration_%28ENG%29_20200113.pdf<http://r20.rs6.net/tn.jsp?f=001UYNjVMh3hVTZ8-28FQx2hVihHevx5TCL7x97L-w5AVNgnbiSYcE_6SL9GWnbeUJHZnewNLDqhB9EL0gRQf8RUidpLKbb7nuZVUuMbM6EokfeeVdr9LacvhE9mSbYU5X5WAiR2MCWYXxYFWH9Amid2nlrNsIOUwoiz_xtgQKwgUrBv52eDNJuWgcMME8XWVKjLYUZaKfmUH5ff4uLOIAB_ad4wKgWD4FyWvJUDw51K924nqnf4Ot7zrAxdHkr0CWM&c=HJjYJy-iOHKPf2TNi_-YMu_C9_h4ymBhWvdVVaFEhvvaHJuAgfd5jg==&ch=DoQPHSSWYEiEmiiYllDtLPTLHivtjY8dVb4AMz7uncSDtTs5wrtvBg==>, accessed 01-22-2020

[5]<http://r20.rs6.net/tn.jsp?f=001UYNjVMh3hVTZ8-28FQx2hVihHevx5TCL7x97L-w5AVNgnbiSYcE_6SL9GWnbeUJHRqZuopxAxSHyPJHl_t1KwsYU3jby5MQYpuAL_PlnuOjM_EwKpDybAtKdNorbZQAgcrJEBbNfVIOHr68WvhsHcVK5mq6rCWKZM8Id--U3KgYU0cHeDzOA8FfOLecnb-I4wHpVOL9pQNtXH-2jT9cMmpyqP7YZRWhd3OOIOeqnr0vSFb93gojtmi0mA8eM_B1ciuldSH07XQObh8rW6-WIanyu-HnHD9PCVbAB2EFaj-qs72tjeGG3fA==&c=HJjYJy-iOHKPf2TNi_-YMu_C9_h4ymBhWvdVVaFEhvvaHJuAgfd5jg==&ch=DoQPHSSWYEiEmiiYllDtLPTLHivtjY8dVb4AMz7uncSDtTs5wrtvBg==>Kimball, D. The risk of nuclear war is increasing. Accessed from http://www.ipsnews.net/2019/09/risk-nuclear-war-increasing/<http://r20.rs6.net/tn.jsp?f=001UYNjVMh3hVTZ8-28FQx2hVihHevx5TCL7x97L-w5AVNgnbiSYcE_6SL9GWnbeUJHfsy9qjIHHVhK1E3lmnlVBCC1tSwSrRwczCiXGMOm7e4-60JdAXMDRNLmhcJ-yKZVj8MPI8KmdkO9xIoiufRjnw1oFbLrd0vJ1fWQpR-NvSoCtpXiMiDJF4-rXaO0nGDYGGtMdtVJbrs=&c=HJjYJy-iOHKPf2TNi_-YMu_C9_h4ymBhWvdVVaFEhvvaHJuAgfd5jg==&ch=DoQPHSSWYEiEmiiYllDtLPTLHivtjY8dVb4AMz7uncSDtTs5wrtvBg==> on December 27, 2019.

[6]<http://r20.rs6.net/tn.jsp?f=001UYNjVMh3hVTZ8-28FQx2hVihHevx5TCL7x97L-w5AVNgnbiSYcE_6SL9GWnbeUJHzhg2T1Y8mLpQYnCuw95nj3-TJVrsEOoBq4YE3jMPwQqrxkqA_bsa4ju6rOcsAlHaBIbNC-knrr-YAEFdIpl-DGc3fpX1oKpcQtqD80PY7XiQGW0u2gQAjqlOzidJrtT--_cIL2sOjYH_h6VDsXcu_2IS7tdrlFuu6LCcP3k14Va4cKOS98HTcU7wiCjFze2nEsctOZNTGmQMq3KmyTD0quY6POYUfGpHsF7FzyfNJrggMHG_JPzJrw==&c=HJjYJy-iOHKPf2TNi_-YMu_C9_h4ymBhWvdVVaFEhvvaHJuAgfd5jg==&ch=DoQPHSSWYEiEmiiYllDtLPTLHivtjY8dVb4AMz7uncSDtTs5wrtvBg==> Hudson, Valerie M., Bonnie Ballif-Spanvill, Mary Caprioli, and Chad F. Emmett, Sex and World Peace, Columbia University Press, 2012.

[7]<http://r20.rs6.net/tn.jsp?f=001UYNjVMh3hVTZ8-28FQx2hVihHevx5TCL7x97L-w5AVNgnbiSYcE_6SL9GWnbeUJHqNhRQv-4R_Pk7Oozd7g1INuYlnXeE1ntafkTNuCIABpH_1CZ_tGvuxq8iTRkdHx5fYMP330VefzHi2al2p6DIw73FzuANz9lpGmdIeMqnq3vrWPnE1NsryM33SBDV6bv0l2wrakG9u_Kdymb3UlaSP4faIWKrpdkit18IOiGMas91UCokHELqmr-A9dqffZDjIp5O_JZ3LlbRBwbzWDD1qPLz6dCP1e4VA7fIZdPD07xzX00wwoUkQ==&c=HJjYJy-iOHKPf2TNi_-YMu_C9_h4ymBhWvdVVaFEhvvaHJuAgfd5jg==&ch=DoQPHSSWYEiEmiiYllDtLPTLHivtjY8dVb4AMz7uncSDtTs5wrtvBg==> Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action, https://beijing20.unwomen.org/~/media/headquarters/attachments/sections/csw/pfa_e_final_web.pdf<http://r20.rs6.net/tn.jsp?f=001UYNjVMh3hVTZ8-28FQx2hVihHevx5TCL7x97L-w5AVNgnbiSYcE_6SL9GWnbeUJHQbZg3wHGgzVtyA89mT-bg5bSFdArsgCz1ypAQL8dR2eOr5nFJ9Jn4otN-j73F0EzuSw48uVVaqhaPVwqy9ZYz9RdXuCmYkHy7s6BiZorJ8fgPSKSCba06ot3iVcaq5S4iBSe5JlyN-3F0N775D6TB6RQWqR_7n7FFtk7AfpCEMRo0rBiGIBh3kAoJl2qo2HW&c=HJjYJy-iOHKPf2TNi_-YMu_C9_h4ymBhWvdVVaFEhvvaHJuAgfd5jg==&ch=DoQPHSSWYEiEmiiYllDtLPTLHivtjY8dVb4AMz7uncSDtTs5wrtvBg==>

[8]<http://r20.rs6.net/tn.jsp?f=001UYNjVMh3hVTZ8-28FQx2hVihHevx5TCL7x97L-w5AVNgnbiSYcE_6SL9GWnbeUJHU-HafsnNH0KiXlhpqLQP4EFKBthDTBJYWlvuMp-PVLIiiqtnyOgJJ8cWv3G8Fb_CVxp0utjOkQqaW2uKBLoTEWSrwdIsFw78Kx-QQhSX7YVzSGuibmczcC0IvYxiGbtYT1rHUA-Ere0znZ1mY2cmgcM0mtUKIhb5ASex4CTurDp-dxjFAsxQ3pMN5JDMcJe-NofVHLI2yfhtoVyc5R5WfTGgym3Jz5ULiUuNw6HyTIZ62fPONVf7ug==&c=HJjYJy-iOHKPf2TNi_-YMu_C9_h4ymBhWvdVVaFEhvvaHJuAgfd5jg==&ch=DoQPHSSWYEiEmiiYllDtLPTLHivtjY8dVb4AMz7uncSDtTs5wrtvBg==> https://www.unwomen.org/-/media/headquarters/attachments/sections/get%20involved/beijing-25/generation-equality-forum/generation-equality-actioncoalitions.pdf?la=en&vs=2217<http://r20.rs6.net/tn.jsp?f=001UYNjVMh3hVTZ8-28FQx2hVihHevx5TCL7x97L-w5AVNgnbiSYcE_6SL9GWnbeUJHKQbwhE-u3MxtF7Ijy-udBqBxbTVCYGeoNY8uUjRXfAzARr3JuJfE0lpsEOvuh69_Tv5sBZ3YaU3Iypv1dLugYsB3081_CHAw3TQ5HJVvLUyrtos4RCrraZjXLKkgnShMjoISe8WTL7F2Okyj1BNytiohRx39euAC5TCVsh-RDOpzgn4Qxh-ygIZMVVEfh8fqkeEs-BJgBK-TStSiZ9zg1FeHFe2sFYaWoI5jyht-E-AM_yOLMK7HnXUZNv5MmvzOdXEG6kWctna4D0G-Y6WuGM8_sfDT65pgz4VcAjNaQuqqPiutzh_xXw==&c=HJjYJy-iOHKPf2TNi_-YMu_C9_h4ymBhWvdVVaFEhvvaHJuAgfd5jg==&ch=DoQPHSSWYEiEmiiYllDtLPTLHivtjY8dVb4AMz7uncSDtTs5wrtvBg==>, accessed 01-22-2020

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