[Pdf-women] USA - Data on Women Leaders

[Soloveni Vitoso]

http://www.pewsocialtrends.org/fact-sheet/the-data-on-women-leaders/
USA - Data on Women Leaders

  *   U.S. Senate
  *   U.S. House
  *   State legislatures
  *   Governors
  *   Cabinet-level positions
  *   Fortune 500 CEOs
  *   Fortune 500 board members
  *   University presidents
Majorities of Americans see men and women as equally capable when it comes to some of the key qualities and behaviors that are essential for top leaders in politics and business. Yet women still make up a small share of top leadership jobs in both of these realms. Below, we've charted the most up-to-date data on the share of women in top U.S. political and business roles over time.
U.S. Senate
Percentage of U.S. senators who are women
Starting date of congressional term

-Share of U.S. senators who are women

1965

2.0%

1967

1.0%

1969

1.0%

1971

1.0%

1973

0.0%

1975

0.0%

1977

0.0%

1979

1.0%

1981

2.0%

1983

2.0%

1985

2.0%

1987

2.0%

1989

2.0%

1991

2.0%

1993

6.0%

1995

9.0%

1997

9.0%

1999

9.0%

2001

12.0%

2003

14.0%

2005

14.0%

2007

16.0%

2009

17.0%

2011

17.0%

2013

20.0%

2015

20.0%

2017

21.0%

2018

23.0%

Source: Center for American Women and Politics, Rutgers University<http://www.cawp.rutgers.edu/facts/levels_of_office/congress> and U.S. House of Representatives<http://history.house.gov/Exhibition-and-Publications/WIC/Women-in-Congress/>.
1965-2017 shows the share of female senators at the outset of each term of Congress. 2018 shows the share as of Sept. 1, 2018.
Pew Research Center
There are 23 women serving in the U.S. Senate, a historic high. Of these, 17 are Democrats and six are Republicans. The first woman in the Senate was Rebecca Felton (D-Ga.), who was appointed to the seat as a political maneuver in 1922 and served just one day. Nancy Kassebaum (R-Kan.), who served in the Senate from 1978 to 1997, was the first female senator who was not initially elected to fill an unexpired congressional term.
U.S. House
Percentage of U.S. representatives who are women
Starting date of congressional term

Share of U.S. representatives who are women

1965

2.3%

1967

2.5%

1969

2.3%

1971

2.8%

1973

3.2%

1975

4.1%

1977

4.1%

1979

3.7%

1981

4.1%

1983

4.8%

1985

5.1%

1987

5.3%

1989

5.7%

1991

6.4%

1993

10.8%

1995

10.8%

1997

11.7%

1999

12.9%

2001

13.6%

2003

13.6%

2005

14.9%

2007

16.3%

2009

17.0%

2011

16.6%

2013

17.9%

2015

19.3%

2017

19.1%

2018

19.3%

Source: Center for American Women and Politics, Rutgers University<http://www.cawp.rutgers.edu/facts/levels_of_office/congress> and U.S. House of Representatives<http://history.house.gov/Exhibition-and-Publications/WIC/Women-in-Congress/>.
1965-2017 shows the share of female representatives at the outset of each term of Congress. 2018 shows the share as of Sept. 1, 2018. Does not include delegates from the U.S. territories or District of Columbia.
Pew Research Center
There are 84 women serving as voting members of the House of Representatives currently in the 115th Congress, comprising 19.3% of House members. Of these, 61 are Democrats and 23 are Republicans. In addition, five women serve as nonvoting delegates to Congress, representing American Samoa, the District of Columbia, Guam, Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands. Jeannette Rankin (R-Mont.) was the first woman to be elected to Congress, taking office in 1917. Nancy Pelosi (D-Calif.) is the only woman to have served as speaker of the House. She was speaker from 2007 to 2011 and is now the House minority leader. Cathy McMorris Rodgers (R-Wash.), chair of the Republican Conference, is the highest ranking Republican woman in the House.
State legislatures
Percentage of state legislators who are women
Year

Share of state legislators who are women

1971

4.5%

1973

6.4%

1975

8.0%

1977

9.1%

1979

10.3%

1981

12.1%

1983

13.3%

1985

14.8%

1987

15.7%

1989

17.0%

1991

18.3%

1993

20.5%

1995

20.6%

1997

21.6%

1998

21.8%

1999

22.4%

2000

22.5%

2001

22.4%

2002

22.7%

2003

22.4%

2004

22.5%

2005

22.7%

2006

22.8%

2007

23.5%

2008

23.7%

2009

24.3%

2010

24.5%

2011

23.7%

2012

23.7%

2013

24.2%

2014

24.3%

2015

24.3%

2016

24.4%

2017

25.0%

2018

25.4%

Source: Center for American Women and Politics, Rutgers University<http://www.cawp.rutgers.edu/facts/levels_of_office/state_legislature>.
Pew Research Center
Women make up 22.8% of state senate seats and 26.3% of state house or assembly seats. Thirteen women serve in one of the top leadership posts in state senates, and an additional six are speakers of state houses. The first women to serve in a state legislature were three Republicans elected to the Colorado House of Representatives in 1894. Vermont and Arizona are the states with the largest shares of female state legislators, at 40.0%. Wyoming has the smallest share, at 11.1%.
Governors
Percentage of governors who are women
Year

Share of state governors who are women

1975

2.0%

1976

2.0%

1977

4.0%

1978

4.0%

1979

4.0%

1980

4.0%

1981

0.0%

1982

0.0%

1983

0.0%

1984

2.0%

1985

4.0%

1986

4.0%

1987

6.0%

1988

6.0%

1989

6.0%

1990

6.0%

1991

6.0%

1992

6.0%

1993

6.0%

1994

8.0%

1995

2.0%

1996

2.0%

1997

4.0%

1998

6.0%

1999

6.0%

2000

6.0%

2001

10.0%

2002

10.0%

2003

12.0%

2004

18.0%

2005

16.0%

2006

16.0%

2007

18.0%

2008

16.0%

2009

14.0%

2010

12.0%

2011

12.0%

2012

12.0%

2013

10.0%

2014

10.0%

2015

10.0%

2016

12.0%

2017

12.0%

2018

12.0%

Source: Center for American Women and Politics, Rutgers University<http://www.cawp.rutgers.edu/facts/levels_of_office/statewide_executive>.
Pew Research Center
To date, 39 women have served as governors in 28 states. In 2018, two Democratic and four Republican women are serving as governors. Nellie Tayloe Ross of Wyoming, a Democrat, was the first female governor; she was elected in a special election in 1924 to succeed her deceased husband. Ella Grasso, a Connecticut Democrat, was the first female governor elected in her own right, in 1975.
Cabinet-level positions
Created with Highcharts 6.1.3Percentage of Cabinet or Cabinet-level positions held by womenJohnsonNixon, term 1Nixon, term 2FordCarterReagan, term 1Reagan, term 2G.H.W. BushClinton, term 1Clinton, term 2G.W. Bush, term 1G.W. Bush, term 2Obama, term 1Obama, term 2Trump, to date 201802550
Copy and paste the below iframe code into your own website to embed this chart.
Percentage of Cabinet or Cabinet-level positions held by women
Administration

Women

Johnson

0.0%

Nixon, term 1

0.0%

Nixon, term 2

N/A

Ford

4.5%

Carter

11.1%

Reagan, term 1

17.6%

Reagan, term 2

17.6%

G.H.W. Bush

17.6%

Clinton, term 1

31.8%

Clinton, term 2

40.9%

G.W. Bush, term 1

19.0%

G.W. Bush, term 2

23.8%

Obama, term 1

30.4%

Obama, term 2

34.8%

Trump, to date 2018

26.1%

Source: Center for American Women and Politics, Rutgers University<http://www.cawp.rutgers.edu/sites/default/files/resources/womenapptdtoprescabinets.pdf>.
Percentages are based on the maximum number of women serving concurrently in a given administration. Includes only women presidential appointees confirmed by the Senate to Cabinet or Cabinet-level positions. One woman served in a Cabinet-level position during Nixon's second term but the changing number of positions over the course of the term makes it impossible to provide a share.
Pew Research Center
The share of women concurrently serving in Cabinet-level positions peaked during President Bill Clinton's second term, at 40.9%. It now stands at 26.1%. The first woman in a Cabinet-level position was Frances Perkins, appointed as secretary of labor by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1933. To date, seven women have served as labor secretary, more than in any other Cabinet or Cabinet-level position. Gina Haspel, appointed by President Donald Trump in 2018, is the first female director of the Central Intelligence Agency, a Cabinet-level position.
Fortune 500 CEOs
Percentage of Fortune 500 CEOs who are women
Year

Share of CEOs who are women

1995

0.0%

1996

0.2%

1997

0.4%

1998

0.4%

1999

0.4%

2000

0.4%

2001

0.8%

2002

1.2%

2003

1.4%

2004

1.6%

2005

1.8%

2006

2.0%

2007

2.4%

2008

2.4%

2009

3.0%

2010

3.0%

2011

2.4%

2012

3.6%

2013

4.0%

2014

4.8%

2015

4.8%

2016

4.2%

2017

6.4%

2018

4.8%

Source: Fortune 500<http://fortune.com/2016/12/22/female-fortune-500-ceos-2017/> and Catalyst.
Based on the percentage of women CEOs at the time of the annual published Fortune 500 list.
Pew Research Center
The share of female CEOs of Fortune 500 companies reached an all-time high of 6.4% in 2017, with 32 women heading major firms. But the share has fallen to 4.8% after several high-profile women left their posts, including Denise Morrison of Campbell Soup Co. and Meg Whitman of Hewlett Packard Enterprise. The late Katherine Graham, of The Washington Post Co., was the first female CEO to make the Fortune 500 list, in 1972. As recently as 1995, there were no female CEOs on the Fortune 500 list.
Fortune 500 board members
Percentage of Fortune 500 board members who are women
Year

Share of board members who are women

1995

9.6%

1996

10.2%

1997

10.6%

1998

11.1%

1999

11.2%

2000

11.7%

2001

12.4%

2003

13.6%

2005

14.7%

2006

14.6%

2007

14.8%

2008

15.2%

2009

15.2%

2010

15.7%

2011

16.1%

2012

16.6%

2013

16.9%

2016

20.2%

2017

22.2%

Source: Deloitte<http://www.catalyst.org/system/files/2016_board_diversity_census_deloitte_abd.pdf> and <http://www.catalyst.org/knowledge/fortune-500-board-seats-held-women> Heidrick & Struggles<https://www.heidrick.com/Knowledge-Center/Publication/Board_Monitor_2018>.<http://www.catalyst.org/knowledge/fortune-500-board-seats-held-women>
Year

Share of university and college presidents who are women





1986

9.5%

1998

19.3%

2001

21.1%

2006

23.0%

2011

26.4%

2016

30.1%

American Council on Education<https://www.acenet.edu/news-room/Pages/Ready-to-Lead-Women-in-the-Presidency.aspx>, The American College President Study.
Percentages are based on U.S. accredited, degree-granting institutions.
Pew Research Center
In 2016, 30.1% of university presidents were women, triple the share in 1986. Frances Elizabeth Willard became the first female college president in 1871, heading the Evanston College for Ladies in Illinois, which later merged with Northwestern University. In 1975, Lorene L. Rogers was the first woman to lead a major research university (University of Texas), and Judith Rodin in 1994 became the first permanent female president of an Ivy League institution (University of Pennsylvania).
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