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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US">From:</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> WUNRN_LISTSERVE-owner@lists.wunrn.com [mailto:WUNRN_LISTSERVE-owner@lists.wunrn.com]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>WUNRN LISTSERVE<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Tuesday, 11 July 2017 7:29 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> WUNRN ListServe <wunrn_listserve@lists.wunrn.com><br>
<b>Subject:</b> [WUNRN] People's Monitoring for the Right to Food & Nutrition Political Manifesto<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">WUNRN<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.wunrn.com/">http://www.wunrn.com</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Global Network for the Right to Food & Nutrition (RTFN)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.righttofoodandnutrition.org/peoples-monitoring-right-food-and-nutrition">http://www.righttofoodandnutrition.org/peoples-monitoring-right-food-and-nutrition</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN" style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:Roboto;color:#212121">People's Monitoring for the Right to Food and Nutrition Political Manifesto<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<div class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center;line-height:17.25pt">
<span lang="EN" style="font-size:11.5pt;font-family:Roboto;color:#212121">
<hr size="1" width="100%" align="center">
</span></div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:Roboto;color:#757575"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:Roboto;color:#757575">March 7, 2017 - The peoples of the world, in particular in the global south, have been facing increasing levels of violence in different forms, which directly or
indirectly have an important bearing on the realization of their human right to adequate food and nutrition (RTFN – Global Network for the Right to Food & Nutrition), and related rights.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:Roboto;color:#757575"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:Roboto;color:#212121">The vast majority of violations of the RTFN are associated with acts of commission and omission of State authorities and with abuses and crimes carried out by transnational
corporations (TNCs) and other business enterprises. These acts of violence take a variety of different forms: land grabbing, forced evictions, child marriage and gender-based violence, bonded labor, abusive utilization of agrochemicals by agribusiness with
detrimental consequences to health and the environment, criminalization of social movement leaders and human rights defenders, ocean and fisheries grabbing, abusive marketing of junk food, and the promotion of climate change. These violations lead to hunger,
malnutrition, loss of livelihoods and reduction in the quality of life, and reflect the lack of peoples’ sovereignty over their own lives and bodies, and states that are indifferent to peoplesī needs and priorities and in consequence do not comply with their
human rights obligations internationally assumed.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:Roboto;color:#212121"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:Roboto;color:#212121">In the face of these challenges, peoples, communities and grassroots groups have organized in different ways to resist this increasing level of violence perpetrated
by powerful actors at global, national and local levels. Efforts have more recently intensified to build a convergence of struggles for land, water, seeds, food sovereignty, health, and dignified labor conditions that departs from local, national and regional
processes as, for example, in West Africa and Latin America.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:Roboto;color:#212121"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:Roboto;color:#212121">The Global Network for the Right to Food and Nutrition (GNRTFN), launched in 2013, plays a supportive role in many of these processes. It sees the human rights framework
as having a fundamental role in further guiding and facilitating the unification of popular struggles, in strengthening the capacity of people to hold governments accountable and in promoting policy coherence. Such coherent policies should serve to the progressive
realization of the human right to adequate food and nutrition, and related rights, and for increased food sovereignty for people, communities and countries.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:Roboto;color:#212121"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:16.5pt"><b><span lang="EN" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:Roboto;color:#212121">Background: Why an Alternative Monitoring Tool?<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:16.5pt"><b><span lang="EN" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:Roboto;color:#212121"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:Roboto;color:#212121">Since 2000, and the development of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), monitoring and data generation have become an increasingly important tool for underpinning
policy measures and interventions- but it is always important to question data- where it comes from, what is measures and who it benefits. The problem with monitoring hunger is that, as a concept, it is something that can be defined and measured in different
ways. The measurement often serves specific policy purposes, which in effect deeply influences the methods (i) and the results. Different bodies from the World Bank, the International Food Policy and Research Institute (<i>the Global Hunger Index)</i>, UNICEF
and WHO, and of course the FAO (<i>State of Food Insecurity)</i> issued different measurements and methods for calculating the number of world’s hungry and malnourished people. All of these methods, while generating interesting information, fail to paint a
full picture of how we measure hunger, neglecting issues of distribution, not being sensitive to short terms shocks, and failing to capture the multiple dimensions, root causes and consequences of hunger.(ii)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:Roboto;color:#212121"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:Roboto;color:#212121">Existing monitoring systems of food insecurity are largely based on quantitative measuring of calories intake, income or food related expenditures, agricultural production,
inter alia, focusing on outcomes at the individual and household level. These monitoring systems rarely address issues of discrimination linked to socio-economic status, gender and race/ethnicity, disenfranchisement, patterns of ownership and access to land,
labor and capital and more qualitative assessments of wellbeing and human capabilities. On the other hand those affected by food insecurity and malnutrition tend to be mere objects to be monitored instead of subjects who should have a say in defining what
should be monitored and how, or the policy interventions designed with this data.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:Roboto;color:#212121"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:Roboto;color:#212121">Human rights instruments (iii) are increasingly being utilized by social movements not only to defend their members from major abuses and human rights violations,
but also to develop public policies and laws, which allow the structural conditions to exercise social human rights. The human right to food framework has been incorporated at national level as well as at regional and international level.
<i>This advance and possible impact on the quality of life of people are not captured by the existing monitoring reports on food and nutrition, security for instance the SOFI. In fact, they do not include indicators that monitor popular participation, governance,
accountability and policy coherence with human rights, nor do they correlate the other factors that affect the realization of the right to food and nutrition.<o:p></o:p></i></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:Roboto;color:#212121"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:16.5pt"><b><span lang="EN" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:Roboto;color:#212121">Monitoring in the Wake of the SDGs<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:16.5pt"><b><span lang="EN" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:Roboto;color:#212121"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:Roboto;color:#212121">The formal adoption of the
<a href="https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/post2015/transformingourworld"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#1779BA;text-decoration:none">2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development</span></a>(iv) marks the beginning of a new phase of
monitoring development - with all countries now working to translate the SDGs into their respective national contexts through the development of a national action plan. The implementation of the SDGs will be monitored through a set of some 233 global indicators
(v) adopted by the UN General Assembly in the first half of 2016. The monitoring process will be done at national, regional and global levels, as well as around thematic reviews.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:Roboto;color:#212121"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:Roboto;color:#212121">As the indicators to measure the progress of the SDGs moved forward, it became increasingly clear that they will fail to meet the needs and demands of civil society.
The indicators neglect to integrate the human rights approach, downplays the legal obligations of human rights standards, promotes a dangerous shift towards “<i>multistakeholderism</i>” over rights-holders, and further releases the state as a duty bearer in
upholding human rights obligations. The implementation of the SDGs risks to promote corporate led “development” schemes and a focus on data-based indicators that do not include those most affected by hunger and malnutrition in assessing progress or the root
causes of hunger and malnutrition. The endless focus on hard data collection skews the reality on the ground rather than assessing the structural causes of food and nutrition insecurity such as inequality, poverty and malnutrition, and fails to capture the
priority issues of those most affected and subject to human rights violations.(vi)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:Roboto;color:#212121"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:Roboto;color:#212121">Despite these challenges, the SDGs will dominate the global discourse and development agenda for the next 15 years, the monitoring around the SDGs should not reduce
the actions and priorities of civil society organizations and grassroots movements to hard data sets and clear indicators of international progress. Rather, the grassroots priorities should be brought into the interpretation of the SDGs, reflected in the data
that will be collected, and be streamlined in policy decisions.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:Roboto;color:#212121"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><i><span lang="EN" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:Roboto;color:#212121">Challenges for Civil Society
<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:Roboto;color:#212121"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:Roboto;color:#212121">It is important that civil society efforts also fill the gaps left by the SDGs, or the inevitable human rights-based monitoring gaps left by states. It is important
for civil society to ask how the operationalization of human rights can guide the implementation of the SDGs, and inversely how the SDGs can be used as a tool towards the operationalization and realization of human rights obligations. There is an impending
need for civil society and social movements to monitor these goals- and create methods that support broader based monitoring and advocacy across international mechanisms, regional and local platforms, and provide analysis on the structural causes of human
rights violations. This peoples’ monitoring initiative seeks to understand how to promote accountability for human rights within relevant processes- linking up those international bodies and civil society efforts in Rome, Geneva and New York, as well as regional
bodies in Africa and the Americas, and ensuring coherence.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:Roboto;color:#212121"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:Roboto;color:#212121">From a holistic human rights approach, all goals within the SDGs are important- however our own monitoring effort will directly engage with Goal 2: End hunger, achieve
food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture, but cannot be separated from progress within the others, as
<b>the right to food and nutrition cannot be realized in a vacuum. <o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:Roboto;color:#212121"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:Roboto;color:#212121">The CFS is currently discussing its relationship with the 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda- and specifically Goal 2. Promoting the implementation of CFS policies
can be understood as the major contribution in advancing the new Sustainable Development Agenda. Furthermore, the CFS innovative monitoring mechanism could be seen as complementary to the SDG monitoring system (heavily based on data and indicators). This complementary
function would be fulfilled given its strong focus on direct participation of the primary contributor to food security and the most affected by food insecurity and malnutrition (small scale food producers, workers, and groups most vulnerable to food and nutrition
insecurity groups), and due to its qualitative nature. In fact, the CFS monitoring process can complement the quantitative progress tracking with a qualitative assessment of the efficacy of policy instruments aimed at advancing the agenda of food security
and nutrition and removing structural obstacles that could hinder the implementation of the new agenda.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:Roboto;color:#212121"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:16.5pt"><b><span lang="EN" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:Roboto;color:#212121">The People’s Monitoring Project
<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:16.5pt"><b><span lang="EN" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:Roboto;color:#212121"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:Roboto;color:#212121">In 2004, FAO members states adopted the
<i><a href="http://www.fao.org/docrep/009/y7937e/y7937e00.htm"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#1779BA;text-decoration:none">Voluntary Guidelines to support the Progressive Realization of the Right to Adequate Food in the Context of National
Food Security</span></a> (vii)</i>, which should serve to guide states in creating policies that operationalize the right to food, and suggest that States establish mechanisms to monitor the implementation of the guidelines (Guideline 17). In order to produce
<a href="http://www.fian.org/en/news/article/screen_state_action_against_hunger/">
<span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#1779BA;text-decoration:none">human rights based monitoring,</span></a>(viii) the indicators for this alternative monitoring processes were guided and influenced by the Right to Food Guidelines, as well
as other human rights-based instruments promoted by civil society within the CFS. Within these, we can mention the Voluntary Guidelines on Responsible Governance of Tenure of Land, Fisheries and Forests (Tenure Guidelines), the Global Strategic Framework (GSF),
and the Framework for Action for Food Insecurity in Protracted Crises; and reflecting the links to the Sustainable Development Goals. This monitoring process seeks to go beyond data collection and the activity of States, and analyze whether or not the state
is fulfilling its human rights obligations and the structural issues that violate these rights.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:Roboto;color:#212121"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:Roboto;color:#212121">In failing to utilize human rights based indicators, mainstream monitoring also lacks indicators and information that reflect the priorities of grassroots movements.
Data is often misleading: how data is collected, how data is presented, and who is behind the collection is not always understood, but what is clear is that peoples’ priorities and needs are not reflected, nor is the situation on the ground.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:Roboto;color:#212121"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:Roboto;color:#212121">Mainstream monitoring towards food security and nutrition fails to address the critical question around the social control of the food system, and in particular natural
resources (as opposed to nature as a resource or service), and creates inferences and proposes solutions based on the current industrial model of production that feeds a global, and inherently unequal economy. Protecting the human right to food and nutrition,
also means supporting small-scale food producers in realizing their livelihoods and accessing natural resources, supporting women’s rights, and creating the conditions in which communities and groups most impacted by food insecurity are at the center of decision
making.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:Roboto;color:#212121"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><i><span lang="EN" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:Roboto;color:#212121">Footnotes:</span></i><span lang="EN" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:Roboto;color:#212121"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:0cm;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2">
<![if !supportLists]><span lang="EN" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol;color:#212121"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span><![endif]><span lang="EN" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:Roboto;color:#212121">(i)Edoardo Masset, “A Review of Hunger Indices and Methods to Monitor Country Commitment to Fighting Hunger,“
<i>Food Policy, </i> vol. 36, no. 1, January 2011.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:0cm;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2">
<![if !supportLists]><span lang="EN" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol;color:#212121"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span><![endif]><span lang="EN" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:Roboto;color:#212121">(ii) Masset,
<i>ibid. </i><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:0cm;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2">
<![if !supportLists]><span lang="EN" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol;color:#212121"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span><![endif]><span lang="EN" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:Roboto;color:#212121">(iii)Specifically the review processes under the UN Human Rights Council, including the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (CESCR), the Committee
for the Elimination of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW), the Committee on the Rights of the Child (CRC), and the Universal Periodic Review (UPR).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:0cm;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2">
<![if !supportLists]><span lang="EN" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol;color:#212121"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span><![endif]><span lang="EN" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:Roboto;color:#212121">(iv)Official information available at:
<a href="https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/post2015/transformingourworld"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#1779BA;text-decoration:none">https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/post2015/transformingourworld</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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</span></span></span><![endif]><span lang="EN" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:Roboto;color:#212121">(v) These indicators are being developed by the Inter Agency and Expert Group on SDG Indicators for final agreement by the UN Statistical Commission by
March 2016 and thereafter adoption by the UNGA.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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</span></span></span><![endif]><span lang="EN" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:Roboto;color:#212121">(vi) See statement of the Civil Society Mechanism for the Committee on World Food Security, 42nd Session, October 2015:
<a href="http://www.csm4cfs.org/news/?id=236"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#1779BA;text-decoration:none">http://www.csm4cfs.org/news/?id=236</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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</span></span></span><![endif]><span lang="EN" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:Roboto;color:#212121">(vii) Voluntary Guidelines to Support to Progressive Realization of the Right to Adequate Food in the Context of National Food Security”, adopted by the
127th Session of the FAO Council , November 2004 <a href="http://www.fao.org/docrep/009/y7937e/y7937e00.htm">
<span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#1779BA;text-decoration:none">http://www.fao.org/docrep/009/y7937e/y7937e00.htm</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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</span></span></span><![endif]><span lang="EN" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:Roboto;color:#212121">(viii) For more information on the FIAN approach to rights based monitoring within the bodies of the Human Rights council, please see:
<i>Screen State Action against Hunger! How to use the voluntary Guidelines on the Right to Food to monitor public policies?</i>, 2007, FIAN International,
<a href="http://www.fian.org/en/news/article/screen_state_action_against_hunger/">
<span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#1779BA;text-decoration:none">http://www.fian.org/en/news/article/screen_state_action_against_hunger/</span></a> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:Roboto;color:#212121">__________________________________________________________<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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